Process of preparing mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles
The present invention provides an improved process for lipid nanoparticle formulation and mRNA encapsulation. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a process of encapsulating messenger RNA (mRNA) in lipid nanoparticles comprising a step of mixing a solution of pre-formed lipid nanoparticles and mRNA at a low concentration.
1. A process of encapsulating messenger RNA (mRNA) in lipid nanoparticles comprising:
mixing a solution comprising pre-formed lipid nanoparticles and mRNA such that lipid nanoparticles encapsulating mRNA are formed,
wherein the pre-formed lipid nanoparticles and the mRNA are present in the solution at a concentration of no greater than 0.5 mg/ml, and
wherein the pre-formed lipid nanoparticles comprise a PEG-modified lipid in an amount no greater than 3% of total lipids in the lipid nanoparticles.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pre-formed lipid nanoparticles are present at a concentration no greater than 0.4 mg/ml, 0.3 mg/ml, 0.25 mg/ml, 0.2 mg/ml, 0.15 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, or 0.01 mg/ml.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mRNA is present in the solution at a concentration of no greater than 0.4 mg/ml, 0.3 mg/ml, 0.25 mg/ml, 0.2 mg/ml, 0.15 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, or 0.01 mg/ml.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the PEG-modified lipid constitutes less than 2.5%, less than 2%, less than 1.5%, or less than 1% of total lipids in the lipid nanoparticles.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the PEG-modified lipid constitutes between 0.1% and 3%, or between 0.75% and 2.5%, or between 0.5% and 2% of total lipids in the lipid nanoparticles.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprising pre-formed lipid nanoparticles and mRNA comprises less than 10 mM citrate.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprising pre-formed lipid nanoparticles and mRNA comprises less than 25% non-aqueous solvent.
8. The process of claim 1 , further comprising heating the lipid nanoparticles and mRNA to a temperature greater than ambient temperature after the mixing.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mRNA and/or the pre-formed lipid nanoparticles are heated to a temperature greater than ambient temperature prior to the mixing.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the temperature is or is greater than about 30° C., 37° C., 40° C., 45° C., 50° C., 55° C., 60° C., 65° C., or 70° C.
11. The process of claim 9 , wherein the temperature ranges from about 25-70° C., about 30-70° C., about 35-70° C., about 40-70° C., about 45-70° C., about 50-70° C., or about 60-70° C.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the temperature is about 65° C.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pre-formed lipid nanoparticles are formed by mixing lipids dissolved in ethanol with an aqueous solution.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the pre-formed lipid nanoparticles further comprise one or more cationic lipids, and one or more non-cationic lipids.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein greater than about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% of the pre-formed lipid nanoparticles have a size ranging from 75-150 nm.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein substantially all of the pre-formed lipid nanoparticles have a size ranging from 75-150 nm.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process results in an encapsulation rate of greater than about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process results in greater than about 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% recovery of mRNA.
19. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process results in no substantial aggregation of lipid nanoparticles.