Antenna incorporating a metamaterial

1. An antenna, comprising:

a top plate having a top side and a bottom side;

a ground plate disposed parallel to the top plate;

a ground pin connecting the top plate to the ground plate;

a probe pin connected to the bottom side of the top plate, wherein the probe pin is configured to be connected to a signal source;

a first dielectric layer disposed adjacent to the bottom side of the top plate; and

a first patterned conductor layer disposed adjacent to the first dielectric layer,

wherein the first dielectric layer is disposed between the top plate and the first patterned conductor layer, and

wherein the top plate is separated from the ground plate by a distance.

2. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising:

a second dielectric layer disposed adjacent to the first patterned conductor layer; and

a second patterned conductor layer disposed adjacent to the second dielectric layer,

wherein the second dielectric layer is disposed between the first patterned conductor layer and the second patterned conductor layer.

3. The antenna of claim 2 , further comprising a third dielectric layer disposed between the ground plate and at least one of the top plate and the second patterned conductor layer.

4. The antenna of claim 2 , wherein

the second patterned conductor layer comprises second conductive elements arranged in a second pattern, and

the second conductive elements are separated from one another by second interstices.

5. The antenna of claim 4 , wherein at least one of the second conductive elements is a conductor.

6. The antenna of claim 5 , wherein the conductor comprises copper.

7. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the top plate is a conductor.

8. The antenna of claim 7 , wherein the conductor comprises at least one of copper and aluminum.

9. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the ground plate is a conductor.

10. The antenna of claim 9 , wherein the conductor comprises at least one of copper and aluminum.

11. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising a third dielectric layer disposed between the ground plate and at least one of the top plate and the first patterned conductor layer, wherein

wherein the third dielectric layer comprises at least one of a porous foam and air.

12. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the distance has a value ranging from approximately 1/40 wavelength to 1/55 wavelength.

13. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the distance is approximately 1/50 wavelength.

14. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein

the first patterned conductor layer comprises first conductive elements arranged in a first pattern, and

the first conductive elements are separated from one another by first interstices.

15. The antenna of claim 14 , wherein at least one of the first conductive elements is a conductor.

16. The antenna of claim 15 , wherein the conductor comprises copper.

17. The antenna of claim 14 , wherein the first conductive elements are square-shaped.

18. The antenna of claim 17 , further comprising:

a second dielectric layer disposed adjacent to the first patterned conductor layer; and

a second patterned conductor layer disposed adjacent to the second dielectric layer,

wherein the second dielectric layer is disposed between the first patterned conductor layer and the second patterned conductor layer, and

the second patterned conductor layer comprises second conductive elements.

19. The antenna of claim 18 , wherein the second conductive elements are square-shaped, are offset from the first conductive elements, and are rotated 45 degrees with respect to the first conductive elements.

20. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the top plate comprises protrusions extending outwardly from a periphery of the top plate.