Point-of-use dynamic concentration delivery system with high flow and high uniformity
A method and a system are described for mixing liquid chemicals at dynamically changing or static ratios during a given dispense, with extremely high uniformity and repeatability. A mixer includes multiple fluid supply lines including elongate bladders defining a linear flow path and being configured to laterally expand to collect a process fluid and laterally contract to deliver a selected volume of the process fluid to the mixer.
1. An apparatus for dispensing fluid, the apparatus comprising:
a mixer configured to receive at least two fluids for mixing, the mixer being a microfluidic mixer configured to combine at least two fluids using slot-shaped fluid conduits;
a nozzle positioned proximate to the mixer to receive mixed fluids for dispense;
a first fluid supply line connected to the mixer and configured to controllably supply a first process fluid into the mixer, the first fluid supply line including an elongate bladder defining a linear fluid flow path and being configured to laterally expand and collect a charge of the first process fluid, and laterally contract to deliver a selected volume of the first process fluid to the mixer;
a second fluid supply line connected to the mixer and configured to controllably supply a second process fluid into the mixer to deliver a selected volume of the second process fluid to the mixer; and
a controller configured to dynamically control delivery of the first process fluid and the second process fluid independent of each other.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mixer includes one or more first inlets for receiving the first process fluid, and one or more second inlets for receiving the second process fluid, the mixer transforming a fluid flow path of each process fluid into a slot-shaped flow path.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein each slot-shaped fluid conduit has a height dimension that is at least ten times greater than a width dimension.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the mixer includes a cylindrical mixing chamber that receives at least one slot-shaped fluid conduit for each process fluid, the mixer directing each process fluid along a circumference of the cylindrical mixing chamber.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the mixer is configured to direct each process fluid to mix within the cylindrical mixing chamber is a spiral flow.
6. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the mixer joins the slot-shaped fluid conduits together into a slot-shaped mixing conduit.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the slot-shaped mixing conduit is sized to prevent turbulent mixing flow.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the slot-shaped mixing conduit is sized to provide laminar flow of each process fluid such that the process fluids mix by diffusion.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the nozzle includes an inlet that receives a mixed process fluid from the mixer and a nozzle tip for dispensing the mixed process fluid onto a substrate.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the mixer is positioned less than 25 millimeters away from the nozzle.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the apparatus has a fluid conduit volume of less than 0.1 ml between a point of mixing each process fluid and the nozzle outlet.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mixer has a length less than 40 mm and a width less than 20 mm, and wherein the nozzle has a length less than 30 mm.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the process fluid supply lines, the mixer and the nozzle are all aligned to provide laminar flow from the process fluid supply lines to the nozzle outlet.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mixer is positioned within 30 millimeters of a dispense nozzle outlet.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the microfluidic mixer includes slot-shaped fluid conduits having a width of less than 200 microns, and a length less than 15 millimeters.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mixer is made of quartz.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mixer is formed by combining multiple discs.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a total internal volume of fluid conduits of the mixer is less than 0.1 ml.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mixer includes grooves formed in quartz interfaces to enable sealing components together to keep a laminar flow.
20. A method for dispensing fluid, the method comprising:
mixing a first process fluid with a second process fluid proximate a dispense nozzle using a mixer that is a microfluidic mixer, the microfluidic mixer configured to combine at least two fluids using slot-shaped fluid conduits;
supplying a first process fluid to the mixer using a first fluid supply line configured to control volume of the first process fluid into the mixer using an elongate bladder defining a linear fluid flow path, the elongate bladder being configured to laterally expand and collect a charge of the first process fluid, and laterally contract to deliver a selected volume of the first process fluid to the mixer;
supplying a second process fluid to the mixer using a second fluid supply line configured to control volume of the second process fluid delivered to the mixer; and
dispensing mixed process fluid onto a substrate via the dispense nozzle, wherein the mixer mixes the first process fluid with the second process fluid proximate the dispense nozzle such that a volume of mixed process fluid between the mixer and an outlet of the dispense nozzle is less than 0.1 ml.