Flexible and conformable polymer-based heat sinks and methods of making and using thereof
Heat sinks containing polymeric protrusions on a base and optionally further including a foil or tape, as well as methods of making and using thereof, are described herein.
1. A plastic heat sink comprising:
a plurality of polymeric protrusions extending away from a polymeric base; wherein the plurality of polymeric protrusions and/or the polymeric base are formed from a polymer having a thermal conductivity of less than 0.5 W/m-K;
wherein the plurality of polymeric protrusions and the polymeric base are free or substantially free of additives that increase thermal conductivity;
wherein the polymeric base has a thickness ranging from between about 0.1 to 3 mm, 0.1 to 2 mm, 0.1 to 1 mm, or 0.5 to 1 mm;
wherein the plastic heat sink has a thermal resistance of less than about 500 cm 2 K/W; and
wherein the plastic heat sink has a thermal conductivity of less than 0.5 W/m-K.
2. The plastic heat sink of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polymeric protrusions and/or the polymeric base are formed from thermoplastic polymers, elastomeric polymers, thermoset polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, and combinations thereof.
3. The plastic heat sink of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polymeric protrusions and/or the polymeric base are formed from a polymer selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, nylons, polypropylenes, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethanes, styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene, and blends thereof.
4. The plastic heat sink of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric protrusions and/or the polymeric base can each independently have a thermal conductivity in a range from between about 0.01 to 0.5 W/m-K or less than about 0.5 W/m-K, 0.4 W/m-K, 0.3 W/m-K, 0.2 W/m-K, or 0.1 W/m-K.
5. The plastic heat sink of claim 1 , wherein the plastic heat sink has a thermal conductivity in a range from between about 0.01 to 0.5 W/m-K or less than about 0.5 W/m-K, 0.4 W/m-K, 0.3 W/m-K, 0.2 W/m-K, or 0.1 W/m-K.
6. The plastic heat sink of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polymeric protrusions and/or the polymeric base are formed from a polymer selected from the group consisting of nylons, polypropylenes, polyurethanes, styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene, and blends thereof.
7. The plastic heat sink of claim 1 , wherein the plastic heat sink is flexible and conformable.
8. The plastic heat sink of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the polymeric base is about 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6.0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3 mm.
9. The plastic heat sink of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the polymeric base thickness to the polymeric protrusions height is at least 1:4, at least 1:5, at least 1:6, at least 1:7, at least 1:8, at least 1:9, or at least 1:10.
10. The plastic heat sink of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric protrusions which are adjacent have center-to-center separation distances in a range of between about 3 to 15 mm, 5 to 15 mm, 5 to 10 mm or are at least about 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 mm.
11. The plastic heat sink of claim 1 , wherein the plastic heat sink has a thermal resistance of less than about 250 cm 2 K/W.
12. The plastic heat sink of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric base includes one or more additional layers thereon opposite the surface having thereon the polymeric protrusions.
13. The plastic heat sink of claim 12 , wherein the one or more additional layers is a foil or tape and the foil or tape comprises aluminum, copper, alloys thereof, graphite, a crystalline polymer, or combinations thereof.
14. The plastic heat sink of claim 12 , wherein the one or more additional layers is a foil or tape and the foil or tape has a thermal conductivity in a range from between about 5 to 1800 W/m-K, 5 to 700 W/m-K, 5 to 400 W/m-K, 5 to 200 W/m-K, 5 to 150 W/m-K, 5 to 100 W/m-K, 10 to 75 W/m-K, or 5 to 100 W/m-K; or of at least about 10 W/m-K, 20 W/m-K, 30 W/m-K, 40 W/m-K, 50 W/m-K, 60 W/m-K, 70 W/m-K, 80 W/m-K, or 100 W/m-K.
15. A method of making the plastic heat sink according to claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a polymeric base and a plurality of polymeric protrusions on at least a surface of the base;
wherein the plurality of polymeric protrusions and/or the polymeric base are formed from a polymer having a thermal conductivity of less than 0.5 W/m-K;
wherein the plurality of polymeric protrusions and the polymeric base are free or substantially free of additives that increase thermal conductivity; and
wherein the polymeric base has a thickness ranging from between about 0.1 to 3 mm, 0.1 to 2 mm, 0.1 to 1 mm, or 0.5 to 1 mm;
wherein the plastic heat sink has a thermal resistance of less than about 500 cm 2 K/W; and
wherein the plastic heat sink has a thermal conductivity of less than 0.5 W/m-K.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of polymeric protrusions and/or the polymeric base are formed from thermoplastic polymers, elastomeric polymers, thermoset polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, and combinations thereof.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of polymeric protrusions and/or the polymeric base are formed from a polymer selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, nylons, polypropylenes, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethanes, styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene, and blends thereof.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of polymeric protrusions have tapered sidewalls.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the polymeric protrusions or the polymeric base can each have a thermal conductivity in a range from between about 0.01 to 0.5 W/m-K or less than about 0.5 W/m-K, 0.4 W/m-K, 0.3 W/m-K, 0.2 W/m-K, or 0.1 W/m-K.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the plastic heat sink has a thermal conductivity in a range from between about 0.01 to 0.5 W/m-K or less than about 0.5 W/m-K, 0.4 W/m-K, 0.3 W/m-K, 0.2 W/m-K, or 0.1 W/m-K.
21. The method of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of polymeric protrusions and/or the polymeric base are formed from a polymer selected from the group consisting of nylons, polypropylenes, polyurethanes, styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene, and blends thereof.
22. The method of claim 15 , wherein the plastic heat sink is flexible and conformable.
23. The method of claim 15 , wherein the thickness of the polymeric base is about 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3 mm.
24. The method of claim 15 , wherein a ratio of the polymeric base thickness to the polymeric protrusions height is at least 1:4, at least 1:5, at least 1:6, at least 1:7, at least 1:8, at least 1:9, or at least 1:10.
25. The method of claim 15 , wherein the polymeric protrusions which are adjacent have center-to-center separation distances in a range of between about 3 to 15 mm, 5 to 15 mm, 5 to 10 mm or are at least about 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 mm.
26. The method of claim 15 , wherein a sheet of the formed heat sink of step (a) is cut into a dimension and/or shape.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the cut heat sink has a repeating geometry of protruding pins which is the same as the sheet of the formed heat sink of step (a).
28. The method of claim 15 , further comprising the step of:
(b) attaching, adhering, or bonding to the polymeric base a foil or tape on a surface opposite the surface comprising the plurality of polymeric protrusions.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the foil or tape comprises aluminum, copper, alloys thereof, graphite, a crystalline polymer, or combinations thereof.
30. The method of claim 28 , wherein the foil or tape has a thermal conductivity in a range of between about 5 to 1800 W/m-K, 5 to 700 W/m-K, 5 to 400 W/m-K, 5 to 100 W/m-K, 10 to 100 W/m-K, 10 to 75 W/m-K, or 5 to 100 W/m-K; or of at least about 10 W/m-K, 20 W/m-K, 30 W/m-K, 40 W/m-K, 50 W/m-K, 60 W/m-K, 70 W/m-K, 80 W/m-K, or 100 W/m-K.