Electrochemical process for gas separation
The present disclosure generally relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods for separating a target species (e.g., CO 2 ) from a gas mixture (e.g., gas stream) via an electrochemical process.
1. A method of treating a gas stream, the method comprising:
applying a first potential difference across an electrochemical cell, thereby causing a first electroactive species to be in a reduced state, the electrochemical cell comprising:
at least one porous negative electrode comprising the first electroactive species;
a positive electrode comprising a second electroactive species; and
a separator positioned between the at least one porous negative electrode and the positive electrode;
introducing a gas stream comprising a target species comprising an aprotic acidic gas to the electrochemical cell to bond the target species to the first electroactive species in the reduced state to produce a treated gas stream; and
applying a second potential difference across the electrochemical cell, thereby causing the first electroactive species to be in an oxidized state, to release the target species from the first electroactive species in the oxidized state to produce a target species-rich gas stream;
wherein:
the first electroactive species comprises polyanthraquinone, a thiolate, a bipyridine, or a combination thereof, and
the second electroactive species has a reduction potential at least 0.5 Volts more positive than a first reduction potential of the first electroactive species.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target species comprises CO 2 .
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second electroactive species comprises polyvinyl ferrocene, poly(3-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene), or a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first electroactive species comprises polyanthraquinone, and the second electroactive species comprises polyvinyl ferrocene.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first electroactive species comprises polyanthraquinone.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separator comprises a conductive liquid.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the separator is saturated with the conductive liquid.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the conductive liquid comprises an electrolyte solution having a room temperature vapor pressure of less than 10 −5 Pa.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the conductive liquid comprises an ionic liquid.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ionic liquid comprises a room temperature ionic liquid.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the room temperature ionic liquid comprises the composition:
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second electroactive species comprises polyvinyl ferrocene.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one porous negative electrode comprises a composite, and the first electroactive species is immobilized in the composite.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the composite comprises a composite of the first electroactive species and a first carbonaceous material.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first carbonaceous material comprises carbon nanotube, graphene, and/or carbon black.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one porous negative electrode further comprises a gas permeable layer.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the gas permeable layer comprises carbon paper, carbon cloth, and/or a nonwoven carbon mat.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the gas permeable layer has a porosity of greater than or equal to 70% and less than or equal to 90%.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one negative electrode has a porosity of at least 10%.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the positive electrode has a porosity of at least 10%.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first potential difference is applied during a first period of time, and the second potential difference is applied during a second, subsequent period of time during which the first potential difference is not applied.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target species comprises carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, a borane, or a combination thereof.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the first electroactive species comprises polyanthraquinone, and the second electroactive species comprises polyvinyl ferrocene, poly(3-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene), or a combination thereof.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the first electroactive species comprises polyanthraquinone, and the second electroactive species comprises polyvinyl ferrocene.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second electroactive species comprises polyvinyl ferrocene, poly(3-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene), or a combination thereof.