Scalable Pt cluster and RuO2 heterojunction anode catalysts
A synthesis process for forming nanodendrites. The nanodendrites are utilized in a process to form a heterojunction catalyst. Nanodendrites may include PtRu 8 nanodendrites that can be oxidized through annealing to form PtRuO 2 . One heterojunction catalyst comprises PtRuO 2 on a carbon support.
1. A method of forming a PtRuO 2 heterojunction catalyst
forming a solution of platinum precursor, a ruthenium precursor, diphenyl ether, 1,2-tetradecanediol, oleylamine, and dichlorobenzene;
heating the solution to a reaction temperature between 230-270° C. for 5 min-1 h, forming platinum-ruthenium nanodendrites;
separating the platinum-ruthenium nanodendrites from the solution;
suspending the platinum-ruthenium nanodendrites in organic solvent forming a suspension;
mixing carbon nanoparticles with the suspension;
isolating platinum-ruthenium nanodendrites loaded with the carbon nanoparticles from the suspension; and
annealing the isolated platinum-ruthenium nanodendrites loaded with the carbon nanoparticles, forming platinum-ruthenium oxide nanodendrites.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprises a ratio of platinum precursor to ruthenium precursor of 1:12 to 1:6.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the Pt precursor is platinum (II) acetylacetonate [Pt(acac) 2 ].
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the Ru precursor is ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate [Ru(acac) 3 ].
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the platinum-ruthenium nanodendrites are PtRu 8 nanodendrites.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the platinum-ruthenium nanodendrites loaded with the carbon nanoparticles is carbon-PtRu 8 material.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution is formed by mixing the platinum precursor, the ruthenium precursor, the diphenyl ether, the 1,2-tetradecanediol, and the oleylamine and heating to at least 200° C., wherein the dichlorobenzene is then added.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein suspending the platinum-ruthenium nanodendrites comprises dispersing the platinum-ruthenium nanodendrites in chloroform.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein annealing is at an anneal temperature of 100-200° C.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the platinum-ruthenium oxide nanodendrites comprise ultrafine particles.
11. A method of forming nanodendrites comprising:
forming a solution of platinum precursor, a ruthenium precursor, diphenyl ether, 1,2-tetradecanediol, oleylamine, and dichlorobenzene;
heating the solution to a reaction temperature between 230-270° C. for 5 min-1 h, forming PtRu 8 nanodendrites; and
separating the PtRu 8 nanodendrites from the solution.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the platinum precursor is Pt(acac) 2 and the ruthenium precursor is Ru(acac) 3 .
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the solution comprises a ratio of platinum precursor to ruthenium precursor of 1:12 to 1:6.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the Pt precursor is platinum (II) acetylacetonate [Pt(acac) 2 ].
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the Ru precursor is ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate [Ru(acac) 3 ].