Self-aligned double patterning (SADP) method
The present disclosure relates to integrated circuit device manufacturing processes. A self-aligned double patterning method is provided. In the method, a lithography process for line cut that determines the locations of line termini is performed after forming a spacer layer alongside the mandrel and prior to stripping the mandrel. The lithographic mask for the line cut is aligned to the mandrel and the spacer layer using a mark made of the mandrel material and the spacer material. Compared to the previous approach where the line cut process is performed after the mandrel removal, in the disclosed approach, the line termini mask is made of the mandrel material and the spacer material, and is more distinguishable compared to a mark made of just the spacer material. Thereby, the methods provide robust photo alignment signal for the line cut photolithography and precise positioning of the line termini mask.
1. A method of forming an integrated circuit device, comprising:
forming a masking layer over a substrate;
forming a plurality of mandrels and a mandrel mark next to the plurality of mandrels over the masking layer;
forming spacers along peripheries of the mandrels and the mandrel mark including along respective sides and ends of the mandrels;
forming a protection layer to cover a first portion of the mandrels and the mandrel mark and to expose a second portion of the mandrels;
removing the exposed second portion of the mandrels and the spacers along respective sides and ends of the second portion of the mandrels;
removing the first portion of the mandrels while leaving the spacers along respective sides of the first portion of the mandrels; and
patterning the masking layer according to the remaining spacers to form a device mask and a mask level mark over the substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
forming a device layer over the substrate prior to forming the masking layer, wherein the masking layer is then formed on the device layer; and
patterning the device layer according to the device mask and the mask level mark to form a device structure and a device level mark structure.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the plurality of mandrels and the mandrel mark comprises forming and patterning a sacrificial layer directly on the masking layer.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sacrificial layer is made of amorphous silicon, APF, ashing removable dielectric (ARD), or the combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of mandrels and the mandrel mark are concurrently formed by a first photolithographic process that includes exposing and developing a first photoresist through a first lithographic mask and etching the sacrificial layer according to the developed first photoresist, wherein the first lithographic mask includes openings corresponding to the plurality of mandrels and the mandrel mark.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the protection layer is formed by performing a second photolithographic process that includes exposing and developing a second photoresist through a second lithographic mask, wherein the second lithographic mask is aligned by locating the mandrel mark and corresponding portions of the spacers.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein forming a second protection layer comprises forming a positive photoresist layer and patterning the positive photoresist layer using a second photolithographic mask.
8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
after removing the first portion of the mandrels, forming a dummy protection layer next to the remaining spacers over a dummy region of the masking layer; and
wherein the masking layer is also patterned according to the dummy protection layer to form a dummy mask.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the dummy protection layer is formed by performing a third photolithographic process that includes exposing and developing a third photoresist through a third lithographic mask.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the third lithographic mask is aligned to the remaining portions of the spacers.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the removing the first portion of the mandrels further comprises removing the mandrel mark together with the first portion of the mandrels.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spacers are formed by depositing a spacer material followed by performing a anisotropic etch to the spacer material.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein openings of the protection layer determine endpoints of the device mask.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the masking layer is made of a first silicon nitride (SiN) layer, an amorphous carbon (APF) layer over the first SiN layer, and a second silicon nitride (SiN) layer over the APF layer.
15. A method of forming an integrated circuit device, comprising:
forming a masking layer over a substrate;
forming a plurality of mandrels and a mandrel mark next to the plurality of mandrels over the masking layer;
forming spacers along peripheries of the mandrels and the mandrel mark;
performing a line cut process to remove a first portion of the mandrels and the spacers alongside the first portion of the mandrels using the mandrel mark for alignment;
removing the remaining mandrels; and
patterning the masking layer according to the remaining spacers to form a device mask over the substrate.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
prior to patterning the masking layer, forming a dummy protection layer next to the remaining spacers over a dummy region of the masking layer, wherein the masking layer is patterned according to the dummy protection layer to form a dummy mask over the substrate.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the forming of the plurality of mandrels and the mandrel mark includes forming a sacrificial layer and performing a first photolithographic process to protect selective portions of the sacrificial layer and removing unprotected portions of the sacrificial layer.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the line cut process includes performing a second photolithographic process to protect selective portions of the spacers and mandrels from removal and removing unprotected portions of the spacers and mandrels, wherein the second photolithographic process is aligned by locating the mandrel mark and corresponding portions of the spacers.
19. The method of claim 18 ,
wherein the second photolithographic process protects the mandrel mark and corresponding spacers from removal; and
wherein the mandrel mark is removed when removing the remaining mandrels.
20. A method of forming an integrated circuit device, comprising:
forming a masking layer over a substrate;
forming a plurality of mandrels and a mandrel mark over the masking layer;
forming spacers along peripheries of the mandrels and the mandrel mark;
removing selective end portions of the spacers using the mandrel mark as an alignment marker;
removing the mandrels; and
patterning the masking layer according to the remaining spacers to form a device mask over the substrate.