Method for buffering latent heat thermal energy
The invention provides a method for reclaiming heat from a fluid, the method having the steps of contacting the fluid to a phase change material for a time sufficient to increase the temperature of the material and or liquefy some of it; and contacting the material to a second fluid for a time sufficient to increase the temperature of the second fluid and to decrease the temperature of the material or to solidify some of it.
1. A method for reclaiming heat from a first fluid, the method comprising:
a) continuously contacting the first fluid to a single bulk of phase change material for a time sufficient to decrease the temperature of the first fluid and transfer heat to the phase change material, wherein all of the phase change material is confined within a single annular space defining a first space and the first fluid is flowing through the first space; and
b) continuously contacting the phase change material to a second fluid flowing through a second space in thermal communication with the first space for a time sufficient to increase the temperature of the second fluid and transfer heat from the phase change material wherein the phase change material is between the first fluid and the second fluid to form a thermal buffer between the fluids; wherein both the first fluid and the second fluid contact the phase change material simultaneously such that heat is simultaneously added and removed to the phase change material.
2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the transfer of heat to the phase change material differs from the transfer of heat from the phase change material.
3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first fluid and the second fluid change temperatures at different rates.
4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein heat supplied by the first fluid is not equal to the heat received by the second fluid at any instant in time.
5. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first fluid flows through a conduit extending through the single bulk of phase change material and the second fluid contacts an exterior of the single annular space.
6. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the phase change material is homogeneously mixed with a foam of porosity of between about 80 percent and about 90 percent.
7. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the phase change material is mixed with a foam to form a construct and the construct is about 80 percent by volume of phase change material and about 20 percent by volume of said foam.
8. The method as recited in claim 7 , wherein the construct exhibits a latent heat of fusion of between about 100 KJ/kg and about 300 KJ/kg.
9. The method as recited in claim 6 , wherein the thermal conductivity of the foam is above about 15 W/mK.
10. The method as recited in claim 3 , wherein the heat given up by the first fluid does not equal the heat gained by the second fluid.
11. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the phase change material has a melting temperature above 180 C.
12. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the phase change material has a melting point temperature above 180 C and below 240 C.
13. A method for reclaiming heat from a first fluid, the method comprising:
a) continuously contacting the first fluid to a single bulk of phase change material for a time sufficient to decrease the temperature of the first fluid and transfer heat to the phase change material to melt a portion of the phase change material, wherein all of the phase change material is confined within a single containment pipe; and
b) continuously contacting the phase change material to a second fluid for a time sufficient to increase the temperature of the second fluid and transfer heat from the phase change material, wherein the phase change material is between the first fluid and the second fluid, wherein the first fluid and the second fluid to form a thermal buffer between the fluids; wherein both the first fluid and the second fluid contact the phase change material simultaneously such that heat is simultaneously added and removed to the phase change material.
14. The method as recited in claim 13 wherein the heat given up by the first fluid does not equal the heat gained by the second fluid.
15. The method as recited in claim 13 wherein the phase change material has a melting point temperature above 180 C and below 240 C.
16. The method as recited in claim 13 wherein the phase change material does not change temperature.
17. The method as recited in claim 5 wherein the single annular space is defined by a containment pipe and the second fluid contacts exterior surfaces of the containment pipe.
18. The method as recited in claim 13 wherein the second fluid contacts exterior surfaces of the containment pipe.
19. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the first fluid is cooling water from a power plant and the cooling water decreases in temperature by about five percent.
20. The method as recited in claim 13 wherein the first fluid is cooling water from a power plant and the cooling water decreases in temperature by about five percent.
21. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the first fluid is heated with exhaust gases which are at about 600° F.
22. The method as recited in claim 13 wherein the first fluid is heated with exhaust gases which are at about 600° F.