On-chip nanoscale storage system using chimeric DNA
The present disclosure provides systems and methods that can provide portable, real-time accessible DNA memories. An example DNA-based data storage system includes a loading region configured to receive a plurality of DNA-based data storage elements in a suspension fluid and a plurality of microtubes disposed in a capture/release region. The microtubes are configured to capture and release the DNA-based data storage elements. The DNA-based data storage system also includes a linearization region configured to linearize the DNA-based data storage elements and a readout region with a readout device configured to provide information indicative of the respective DNA-based data storage elements.
1. A deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based data storage element comprising:
a DNA backbone, and multiple non-natural nucleic acids bioconjugated to the DNA backbone, wherein the multiple non-natural nucleic acids are arranged in a plurality of blocks, wherein each block corresponds to an alphabet symbol of an alphabet, wherein the alphabet comprises at least n 4 alphabet symbols, where n is greater than 1, wherein at least a portion of the blocks comprise nonuniform length repetition patterns;
wherein each of the multiple non-natural nucleic acids independently comprise a triazole moiety linked to a non-natural functional group.
2. The DNA-based data storage element of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the non-natural nucleic acids comprise a peptide nucleic acid (PNA).
3. The DNA-based data storage element of claim 2 , wherein the PNA comprises a peptide backbone and a plurality of natural nucleobase monomers.
4. The DNA-based data storage element of claim 1 , wherein the DNA backbone comprises single-stranded DNA.
5. The DNA-based data storage element of claim 1 , wherein the DNA backbone comprises double-stranded DNA.
6. The DNA-based data storage element of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of non-natural nucleic acids comprises a structurally-defined branched polymer architecture.
7. The DNA-based data storage element of claim 1 , wherein the multiple non-natural nucleic acids do not comprise a nucleobase moiety.
8. The DNA-based data storage element of claim 1 , wherein the triazole moiety linked to a non-natural functional group is in place of a nucleobase.
9. The DNA-based data storage element of claim 1 , wherein the DNA backbone further comprises at least one abasic site.
10. The DNA-based data storage element of claim 1 , wherein the multiple non-natural nucleic acids are distinguishable by a DNA sequencer.
11. The DNA-based data storage element of claim 1 , wherein the non-natural nucleic acids are configured to encode information.
12. A microfluidic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based data storage system, comprising:
a suspension fluid comprising a plurality of the DNA-based data storage elements of claim 1 ;
a loading region configured to receive the plurality of DNA-based data storage elements in a suspension fluid;
a plurality of microtubes disposed in a capture/release region, wherein the microtubes are configured to capture and release the DNA-based data storage elements;
a linearization region configured to linearize the DNA-based data storage elements; and
a readout region with a readout device configured to provide information indicative of the respective DNA-based data storage elements.
13. The DNA-based data storage system of claim 12 , wherein at least one microtube of the plurality of microtubes comprises a self-rolled microtube.
14. The DNA-based data storage system of claim 13 , wherein, in an initial condition, the self-rolled microtube comprises:
a substrate;
a sacrificial etch material overlaying the substrate;
a compressive layer overlaying the sacrificial etch material;
a tensile layer overlaying the compressive layer; and
a plurality of electrodes.
15. The DNA-based data storage system of claim 14 , wherein, in a rolled condition, the self-rolled microtube comprises:
at least a portion of the tensile and compressive layers rolled into a tubular shape having a diameter of less than 10 microns.
16. The DNA-based data storage system of claim 12 , wherein the readout device comprises a solid-state nanopore device.
17. The DNA-based data storage system of claim 12 , wherein the readout device comprises a tandem mass spectrometry system.
18. A method to synthesize the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based data storage element of claim 1 , comprising:
selecting an abasic site of a DNA backbone;
modifying the abasic site to be compatible with bioconjugation by way of cycloaddition; and
performing a bioconjugation so as to add at least one non-natural functional group to the abasic site as modified.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the bioconjugation comprises an azide-alkyne Huisgen-type cycloaddition.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein modifying the abasic site is performed so as to form a bioconjugation click chemistry target.