Surgical robotic arm admittance control

1. A method of driving movement of a robotic arm, comprising:

determining at least one parameter indicative of a target resistance to the movement of the robotic arm based on a data output from at least one sensor, the data indicative of a force at a reference point on the robotic arm, the robotic arm comprising at least two linkages and at least one joint connecting the at least two linkages;

determining a deadband of the force; and

driving the movement of the robotic arm based at least in part on the at least one parameter and restricting movement of the robotic arm to be responsive to values of the force outside of the deadband.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the robotic arm further comprises at least one motor configured to adjust a position of the at least two linkages, and

the driving of the movement of the robotic arm comprises controlling the motor to move the robotic arm based on the at least one parameter.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

receiving an indication of a direction of movement of the reference point; and

comparing a direction of a component of the force at the reference point to the direction of movement of the reference point,

wherein the determining of the at least one parameter is further based on the comparison of the direction of the component of the force at the reference point to the direction of movement of the reference point.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor comprises a torque sensor configured to detect torque between the at least two linkages of the robotic arm.

5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:

determining the force at the reference point on the robotic arm based on an output of the torque sensor.

6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:

measuring a first torque value at the at least one joint based on an output of the torque sensor;

determining a second torque value at the at least one joint based on a position of the robotic arm, the second torque value indicative of a gravitational component of the torque between the at least two linkages; and

determining the force at the reference point based on a difference between the first and second torque values.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the robotic arm further comprises an instrument device manipulator (IDM) at a distal end of the robotic arm, and

the reference point is located on the IDM.

8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed, cause at least one computing device to:

determine at least one parameter indicative of a target resistance to movement of a robotic arm based on a data output from at least one sensor, the data indicative of a force at a reference point on the robotic arm, the robotic arm comprising at least two linkages and at least one joint connecting the at least two linkages;

drive the movement of the robotic arm based on the at least one parameter;

receive a selection of a user profile; and

adjust the at least one parameter based on the selected user profile.

9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8 , wherein:

the robotic arm further comprises at least one motor configured to adjust a position of the at least two linkages, and

the driving of the movement of the robotic arm comprises controlling the motor to move the robotic arm based on the at least one parameter.

10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8 , wherein the instructions further cause the at least one computing device to:

receive an indication of a direction of movement of the reference point, and

compare a direction of a component of the force at the reference point to the direction of movement of the reference point;

wherein the determining of the at least one parameter is further based on the comparison of the direction of the component of the force at the reference point to the direction of movement of the reference point.

11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8 , wherein the at least one sensor comprises a torque sensor configured to detect torque between the at least two linkages of the robotic arm.

12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11 , further having stored thereon instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one computing device to:

determine the force at the reference point on the robotic arm based on an output of the torque sensor.

13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11 , further having stored thereon instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one computing device to:

measure a first torque value at the at least one joint based on an output of the torque sensor;

determine a second torque value at the at least one joint based on a position of the robotic arm, the second torque value indicative of a gravitational component of the torque between the at least two linkages; and

determine the force at the reference point based on a difference between the first and second torque values.

14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8 , wherein:

the robotic arm further comprises an instrument device manipulator (IDM) at a distal end of the robotic arm, and

the reference point is located on the IDM.

15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8 , further having stored thereon instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one computing device to:

cause the at least one computing device to determine a deadband of the force,

wherein the driving of the movement of the robotic arm is further based on restricting movement of the robotic arm to be responsive to values of the force outside of the deadband.

16. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed, cause at least one computing device to:

determine at least one parameter indicative of a target resistance to movement of a robotic arm based on a data output from at least one sensor, the data indicative of a force at a reference point on the robotic arm, the robotic arm comprising at least two linkages and at least one joint connecting the at least two linkages;

drive the movement of the robotic arm based on the at least one parameter;

determine a first parameter defining a virtual mass of the robotic arm with respect to movement of the robotic arm; and

determine a second parameter value defining a virtual damping coefficient of the robotic arm with respect to movement of the robotic arm;

wherein the driving of the movement of the robotic arm is further based on the first parameter and the second parameter.

17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16 , wherein the instructions further cause the at least one computing device to:

wherein the first parameter comprises a plurality of first values, each of the first values defining the virtual mass along a corresponding translation or orientation degree-of-freedom and the second parameter comprises a plurality of second values, each of the second value defining the virtual damping coefficient along a corresponding translation or orientation degree-of-freedom.

18. A system, comprising:

a robotic arm comprising:

at least two linkages,

at least one joint connecting the at least two linkages,

an instrument device manipulator (IDM) at a distal end of the robotic arm, and

at least one sensor configured to output data indicative of a force at a reference point on the robotic arm, the reference point being located on the IDM;

a processor; and

a memory storing computer-executable instructions to cause the processor to:

determine at least one parameter indicative of a target resistance to movement of the robotic arm based on the data output from the at least one sensor,

drive movement of the robotic arm based on the at least one parameter,

receive a selection of a user profile, and

adjust the at least one parameter based on the selected user profile.

19. The system of claim 18 , wherein:

the robotic arm further comprises at least one motor configured to adjust a position of the at least two linkages, and

the driving of the movement of the robotic arm is based on controlling the at least one motor to move the robotic arm based on the at least one parameter.

20. A system comprising:

a robotic arm comprising:

at least two linkages,

at least one joint connecting the at least two linkages, and

at least one sensor configured to output data indicative of a force at a reference point on the robotic arm;

a processor; and

a memory storing computer-executable instructions to cause the processor to:

receive an indication of a direction of movement of the reference point,

compare a direction of a component of the force at the reference point to the direction of movement of the reference point,

determine at least one parameter indicative of a target resistance to movement of the robotic arm based at least in part on the data output from the at least one sensor and the comparison of the direction of the component of the force at the reference point to the direction of movement of the reference point, and

drive movement of the robotic arm based on the at least one parameter.

21. The system of claim 18 , wherein the at least one sensor comprises a torque sensor configured to detect torque between the at least two linkages of the robotic arm.

22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the memory further stores computer-executable instructions to cause the processor to:

determine the force at the reference point on the robotic arm based on an output of the torque sensor.

23. The system of claim 21 , wherein the memory further stores computer-executable instructions to cause the processor to:

measure a first torque value at the at least one joint based on an output of the torque sensor,

determine a second torque value at the at least one joint based on a position of the robotic arm, the second torque value indicative of a gravitational component of the torque between the at least two linkages, and

determine the force at the reference point based on a difference between the first and second torque values.

24. The system of claim 18 , wherein:

the memory further stores computer-executable instructions to cause the processor to determine a deadband of the force, and

the driving of the movement of the robotic arm is further based on restricting movement of the robotic arm to be responsive to values of the force outside of the deadband.

25. The system of claim 18 , wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the processor to:

determine a first parameter defining a virtual mass of the robotic arm with respect to movement of the robotic arm, and

determine a second parameter value defining a virtual damping coefficient of the robotic arm with respect to movement of the robotic arm,

wherein the driving of the movement of the robotic arm is further based on the first parameter and the second parameter.

26. The system of claim 25 , wherein the first parameter comprises a plurality of first values, each of the first values defining the virtual mass along a corresponding translation or orientation degree-of-freedom and the second parameter comprises a plurality of second values, each of the second value defining the virtual damping coefficient along a corresponding translation or orientation degree-of-freedom.