Multi-electrode/multi-modal atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma ionization device
Apparatus include an atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) analyte electrode defining an analyte discharge axis into an APGD volume, and a plurality of APGD counter electrodes having respective electrical discharge ends directed to the APGD volume, wherein the APGD analyte electrode and the APGD counter electrodes are configured to produce an APGD plasma in the APGD volume with a voltage difference between the APGD analyte electrode and one or more of the AGPD counter electrodes. An electrode can be integrated into an ion inlet. Apparatus can be configured to perform auto-ignition and/or provide multi-modal operation through selectively powering electrodes. Electrode holder devices are disclosed. Related methods are disclosed.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
an atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) analyte electrode defining an analyte discharge axis into an APGD volume; and
a plurality of APGD counter electrodes having respective electrical discharge ends directed to the APGD volume;
wherein the APGD analyte electrode and the APGD counter electrodes are configured to produce an APGD plasma in the APGD volume with a voltage difference between the APGD analyte electrode and one or more of the APGD counter electrodes.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of APGD counter electrodes includes first and second APGD counter electrodes opposing each other with the respective ends arranged along respective counter electrodes axes that intersect each other and the analyte discharge axis.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the counter electrode axes are collinear and perpendicular to the analyte discharge axis.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of APGD counter electrodes includes third and fourth APGD counter electrodes opposing each other with the respective ends arranged along respective counter electrodes axes that intersect each other and the analyte discharge axis.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the counter electrode axes of the first and second electrodes are collinear and perpendicular to the analyte discharge axis and the counter electrode axes of the third and fourth electrodes are collinear and perpendicular to the analyte discharge axis and the counter electrodes axes of the first and second electrodes.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first capillary configured to discharge the analyte into the APGD volume; and
a second capillary configured to discharge an electrolyte into the APGD volume.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the APGD analyte electrode is formed as a portion of the first capillary and one of the APGD counter electrodes is formed as a portion of the second capillary.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a capillary including the APGD analyte electrode formed as a portion of the capillary, wherein the capillary is configured to discharge the analyte as a gas analyte or aerosolized analyte into the APGD volume.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the APGD analyte electrode or APGD counter electrodes is movable so as to vary a characteristic of the APGD volume.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a power supply electrically coupled to at least one of the APGD analyte electrode or APGD counter electrodes and configured to power the at least one electrode to produce an APGD plasma in the APGD volume; and
an ion inlet coupled to the APGD volume and situated to receive ions generated in the plasma.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrical discharge ends are arranged to reduce a washout time of the apparatus.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the APGD analyte electrode and the APGD counter electrodes are configured to produce a non-APGD analyte excitation for optical emission spectroscopy.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an outer capillary configured to discharge a sheath gas, wherein the APGD analyte electrode is formed on the outer capillary; and
an inner capillary surrounded by the outer capillary and configured to discharge the analyte into the APGD volume.