Electrochemically produced materials; devices and methods for production
Devices suitable for the production of electrochemically aligned materials such as strands, threads or fibers. The device includes a substantially horizontally aligned electrochemical cell in one embodiment, with the arrangement producing highly compacted materials. Materials including electrochemically aligned and compacted compounds are also disclosed, along with methods for making and using the materials.
1. A device for producing an electrochemically aligned strand, comprising:
a pump system including a) a pump, b) a solution reservoir for a solution comprising one or more of electrochemically alignable molecules, nanoparticles or microparticles with ampholytic nature, and c) an outlet;
a substantially horizontally disposed electrode having a groove on an upper surface of the electrode, wherein the electrode is rotatable around a substantially vertical axis, wherein the groove extends completely around the axis at a distance therefrom, the groove having a conductive layer on each side of the groove, wherein the outlet is positioned above the groove such that the solution is appliable to a location in the groove, wherein the groove is rotatable around the axis, wherein the electrochemically aligned strand is formable in the groove upon transmission of an electric current to the conductive layer; and
a collection device positioned relative to the electrode such that the electrochemically aligned strand formed on the electrode is collected by the collection device.
2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode is rotatable such that each portion of the groove can be located at a position below the outlet.
3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the electrode is in the shape of a disk having multiple stacked layers including the conductive layer, wherein the conductive layer is disposed on top of a non-conductive layer and wherein the groove is a circular track.
4. The device according to claim 3 , wherein a base of the groove is formed at least in part with the non-conductive layer.
5. The device according to claim 3 , wherein the conductive layer forms a top layer of the electrode.
6. The device according to claim 1 , wherein rotation of the electrode is actuated by a motor that is present and operatively connected to the electrode.
7. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the electric current is supplied to the conductive layer on one side of the groove.
8. The device according to claim 7 , wherein the device includes a microprocessor, wherein one or more of a flow rate from the solution reservoir, a rotational speed of the collection spool and a rotational speed of the electrode are differentially controlled by the microprocessor.
9. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode is arranged at an angle from about 85° to about 95° in relation to the vertical axis.
10. The device according to claim 9 , wherein the electrode is arranged at an angle from about 89° to about 91° in relation to the vertical axis.
11. The device according to claim 3 , wherein the stacked layers are connected utilizing a nonconductive fastener.
12. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the groove has a width from about 0.05 mm to about 10 mm and a depth of from about 0.05 mm to about 10 mm.
13. The device according to claim 12 , wherein the groove has a width from about 0.1 mm to about 5 mm.
14. The device according to claim 12 , wherein the electrode is rotatable such that each portion of the groove can be located at a position below the outlet.
15. The device according to claim 14 , wherein the electrode is in the shape of a disk having multiple stacked layers including the conductive layer, wherein the conductive layer is disposed on top of a non-conductive layer and wherein the groove is a circular track.
16. The device according to claim 15 , wherein a base of the groove is formed at least in part with the non-conductive layer.
17. The device according to claim 16 , wherein the conductive layer forms a top layer of the electrode.
18. The device according to claim 17 , wherein rotation of the electrode is actuated by a motor that is present and operatively connected to the electrode.
19. The device according to claim 18 , wherein the electric current is supplied to the conductive layer on one side of the groove.
20. A method for producing an electrochemically aligned strand, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a device according to claim 1 ;
filling the solution reservoir with a quantity of the solution comprising one or more electrochemically alignable molecules, nanoparticles or microparticles with ampholytic nature;
applying the solution to a portion of the electrode;
applying an electric current to the solution during rotation of the electrode to induce electrochemical alignment; and
transferring the electrochemically aligned strand formed on the electrode from the solution to the collection device.