Composition to completely or partially replace ball clay in ceramics, method of making, and use thereof
A composition comprises at least one form of attapulgite present in a solid weight fraction amount ranging from 0.25% to 5%; kaolin present in a solid weight fraction amount ranging from 17% to 50%; and optionally Ball Clay in a solid weight fraction amount ranging from 0% to 25%. Although makeable by other processes, in some embodiments, the composition is makeable by mixing component ingredients. Although usable for other purposes, in some embodiments, the composition is used to make ceramic pieces, e.g., via casting, pressing, jiggering or jollying, especially when the slip has solids, chemistry and viscosity suitable for shaping before drying, sintering, and optionally finishing.
1. A method of making a ceramic piece, comprising
mixing one or more quaternary amines, at least one form of attapulgite, kaolin, and optionally Ball Clay to form a composition comprising:
at least one form of attapulgite present in a solid weight fraction (SWF) amount ranging from 0.25% to 5%;
kaolin present in a solid weight fraction (SWF) amount ranging from 17% to 50%;
feldspar or nepheline syenite; and
Ball Clay in a solid weight fraction (SWF) amount ranging from 0% to 25%;
forming, with at least one liquid comprising water, the composition into wet ceramic pieces having a defined shape formed by casting;
drying the wet ceramic piece having a defined shape to form a dried ceramic piece; and
sintering the dried ceramic piece.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one form of attapulgite is present in an amount SWF ranging from 0.5% to 4.0%.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one form of attapulgite is chosen from attapulgites impoverished in smectite.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one form of attapulgite is chosen from purified attapulgite and dry processed attapulgite.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one form of attapulgite is chosen from attapulgite slurry or unprocessed crude attapulgite.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the kaolin is present in an amount SWF ranging from 35% to 45%.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the total percent solids by weight (w/w %) amount in the composition ranges from 60% to 99%.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising at least one second form of attapulgite present in an amount SWF ranging from 0.25% to 4%.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one form of attapulgite is chosen from purified attapulgite; and wherein the at least one second form of attapulgite is chosen from dry processed attapulgite, unprocessed crude attapulgite or attapulgite slurry.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is in a form chosen from aqueous slurries, suspensions, pugs, pastes, cakes, powders, granules, pellets, and prills.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a form chosen from aqueous suspensions having a total percent solids by weight (w/w %) amount ranging from 60% to 74%.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a form chosen from pugs, cakes and pastes having a total percent solids by weight (w/w %) amount ranging from 70% to 90%.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a form chosen from powders, granules, pellets, and prills having a total percent solids by weight (w/w %) amount ranging from 85% to 100%.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising thereafter finishing the sintered ceramic piece.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing silica with the one or more quaternary amines, at least one form of attapulgite, kaolin, feldspar or nepheline syenite; and optionally Ball Clay.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises silica.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises nepheline syenite.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein composition comprises feldspar.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more quaternary amines are chosen from babassuamidopropalkonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, grapefruit seed extract, methylbenzethonium chloride, cetalkonium chloride, vegetable oil quaternary, quaternium-15, stearalkonium chloride, polyquaternium, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, behentrimonium chloride, and behentrimonium methosulfate.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more quaternary amines are chosen from benzalkonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl chloride.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one liquid consists of water.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one liquid comprising water comprises at least one other liquid, wherein water is present in an amount greater than 95% v/v relative to the total volume of the water plus the volume of the at least one other liquid.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a dispersant.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the dispersant is a polyacrylate.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a flocculant.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein Ball Clay is not present (0% SWF).
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein Ball Clay is present from 1 to 5% SWF.
28. The method of claim 1 , wherein Ball Clay is present from 2 to 17% SWF.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein feldspar is chosen from aluminosilicates containing sodium (Na), potassium (K), and/or calcium (Ca).
30. The method of claim 16 , wherein the silica is crystalline silica having a D90 of less than 75 μm.
31. A method of making a ceramic piece, comprising
mixing one or more quaternary amines, at least one form of attapulgite, kaolin, and optionally Ball Clay to form a composition comprising:
at least one form of attapulgite present in a solid weight fraction (SWF) amount ranging from 0.25% to 5%;
kaolin present in a solid weight fraction (SWF) amount ranging from 17% to 50%;
feldspar
quartz; and
Ball Clay present in a solid weight fraction (SWF) amount ranging from 0% to 25%;
forming, with at least one liquid comprising water, the composition into wet ceramic pieces having a defined shape formed by casting;
drying the wet ceramic piece having a defined shape to form a dried ceramic piece; and
sintering the dried ceramic piece.
32. A method of making a ceramic piece, comprising
mixing one or more quaternary amines, at least one form of attapulgite, kaolin, and optionally Ball Clay to form a composition comprising:
at least one form of attapulgite present in a solid weight fraction (SWF) amount ranging from 0.25% to 5%;
kaolin present in a solid weight fraction (SWF) amount ranging from 17% to 50%;
nepheline syenite;
quartz; and
Ball Clay present in a solid weight fraction (SWF) amount ranging from 0% to 25%;
forming, with at least one liquid comprising water, the composition into wet ceramic pieces having a defined shape formed by casting;
drying the wet ceramic piece having a defined shape to form a dried ceramic piece; and
sintering the dried ceramic piece.