Iron nitride compositions
An example composition may include a plurality of grains including an iron nitride phase. The plurality of grains may have an average grain size between about 10 nm and about 200 nm. An example technique may include treating a composition including a plurality of grains including an iron-based phase to adjust an average grain size of the plurality of grains to between about 20 nm and about 100 nm. The example technique may include nitriding the plurality of grains to form or grow an iron nitride phase.
1. An alloy composition comprising:
a plurality of grains comprising an iron nitride phase,
wherein the alloy composition has a coercivity of at least about 2000 Oe,
wherein the average grain size is less than about 50 nm, and
wherein an average grain boundary size of the plurality of grains is between about 2 nm and about 5 nm, and
wherein grain boundaries of the plurality of grains comprise at least one antiferromagnetic phase, Fe 2 O 3 , FeO, FeMn, MnN, Fe 2 N, Fe 3 N or their mixed phases.
2. The alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the iron nitride phase comprises α″-Fe 16 N 2 .
3. The alloy composition of claim 2 , comprising greater than about 50% by volume of the a α″-Fe 16 N 2 phase.
4. The alloy composition of claim 1 , further comprising a dopant selected from the group consisting of Cu, B, Mn, Ag, Zr, Ti, Si, Nb, Co, Ce, La, and rare earth elements.
5. The alloy composition of claim 1 , further comprising a nonmagnetic element or compound configured to form domain wall pinning sites at grain boundaries.
6. The alloy composition of claim 5 , wherein the nonmagnetic element or compound comprises an element or compound selected from the group consisting of Al, Cu, Ti, Mn, Zr, Ta, B, C, Ni, Ru, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , or combinations thereof.
7. The alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein a majority of the plurality of grains have respective easy axes of magnetizing aligned in substantially the same direction.
8. A bulk permanent magnetic material comprising the alloy composition of claim 1 .