Compositions and methods for increasing the culture density of a cellular biomass within a cultivation infrastructure
Provided herein are methods to increase the culture density and/or thickness of a cellular biomass in a cultivation infrastructure, to improve the culture of cells in the absence of serum in a cultivation infrastructure, and to promote anchorage-independent growth of a cellular biomass in a cultivation infrastructure. The methods comprise inhibiting the HIPPO signaling pathway, for example, by activating YAP1, activating TAZ, and/or inhibiting MOB1, LATS1 kinase, LATS2 kinase, WW45, MST1 kinase, and/or MST2 kinase in the cellular biomass. In some embodiments, the cellular biomass is harvested from the cultivation infrastructure for the formulation of cell-based food products or ingredients, such as animal meat manufactured from cells in an ex vivo process or for therapeutic applications such as organ or tissue transplantation or grafting.
1. A method of making edible metazoan cellular biomass by increasing the culture density of a metazoan cellular biomass, the method comprising:
a) culturing a metazoan cellular biomass in a cultivation infrastructure in a culture medium;
b) inhibiting the HIPPO signaling pathway in the cellular biomass;
c) expanding the cellular biomass: and
d) harvesting the cellular biomass to provide an edible cellular biomass, wherein the metazoan cellular biomass comprises myogenic cells or fibroblastic cells from a livestock, poultry, or game species, and wherein the method is carried out without adding fetal bovine serum to the culture medium, and wherein the HIPPO signaling pathway is carried out in the cultivation infrastructure to provide a culture density of about 10 5 cell /mL to about 10 10 cells/mL and to provide a culture density of about 1 g/L to about 1000 g/L.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein inhibiting the HIPPO signaling pathway comprises activating one or more of Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1), Transcriptional co-Activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and homologs thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein inhibiting the HIPPO signaling pathway comprises inhibiting one or more of Mps One Binder kinase activator 1 (MOB1), Large Tumor Suppressor 1 (LATS1) kinase, Large Tumor Suppressor 2 (LATS2) kinase, WW45, Macrophage Stimulating 1 (MST1) kinase, Macrophage Stimulating 2 (MST2) kinase, and homologs thereof.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the activating comprises increasing cellular expression of one or more of YAP1, TAZ, and homologs thereof.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the YAP1 comprises one or more mutations in the region targeted by LATS1 and/or LATS2 kinase activity.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the YAP1 comprises one or more mutations at residues corresponding to S5, S61, S109, S127, S163, S164, and S318 in the human YAP1 protein.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the YAP1 comprises one or more of SSA, S61A, S109A, S127A, S163A, S164A, and S318A mutations.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the TAZ comprises a mutation in the region targeted by LATS1 and/or LATS2 kinase activity.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the TAZ comprises a mutation at a residue corresponding to S89 in the human TAZ protein.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the TAZ comprises a S89A mutation.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein inhibiting the HIPPO signaling pathway comprises contacting the cellular biomass with one or more of serum, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and thrombin.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellular biomass is adherent to a substrate.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the substrate is impermeable.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the substrate is permeable.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellular biomass is a self-adherent aggregate.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein inhibiting the HIPPO signaling pathway comprises inhibiting one or more non-canonical HIPPO signaling agonists selected from aPKC, Tao1, Msn, PRP4k, and homologs thereof.