Use of a Vaccine Targeting a Cryptic Tert Epitope, for Treating Lung Cancer in a HLA-A*0201-Positive Never-Smoker or Light-Former Smoker Patient

1 . A method of treating cancer in a HLA-A*0201-positive patient having a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) expressing TElomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) comprising administering a peptide of SEQ ID No: 2 to the patient, wherein said patient either never smoked (never-smoker) or has been a smoker less than 25 years (light-smoker), wherein said peptide of SEQ ID No: 2 induces a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against the cryptic TERT572 peptide of SEQ ID No: 1.

2 . A of treating cancer in a HLA-A*0201-positive patient having a tumor expressing TERT comprising administering a peptide of SEQ ID No: 1 to the patient, wherein said patient is either a never-smoker or a light-smoker who has already been vaccinated with the peptide of SEQ ID No: 2.

3 . A of treating cancer in a HLA-A*0201-positive patient having a tumor expressing TERT comprising administering peptides of SEQ ID No: 1 and SEQ ID No: 2 to the patient, wherein said patient is either a never-smoker or a light-smoker.

4 . The method of any of claims 1 to 3 , wherein said patient is a never-smoker or a former smoker who has been a smoker during less than 25 years (former light-smoker).

5 . The method of any of claims 1 to 3 , wherein said patient is a non-smoker or a former smoker who stopped smoking at least 5 years before a non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) diagnosis.

6 . The method of any of claims 1 to 3 , wherein said patient has received a first line chemotherapy and has a stable disease before vaccination with the peptide of SEQ ID No: 2.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said patient has a non-immunogenic tumor.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the tumor is considered non-immunogenic if no CTL response specific for the peptide of SEQ ID No: 1 and/or no CTL response specific for the peptide of SEQ ID No: 3 and/or no CTL response specific for the peptide of SEQ ID No: 5 is detectable in a blood sample from the patient before vaccination.

9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the blood sample from the patient has been collected less than 2 weeks after the end of a platinum-based first line chemotherapy.

10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said patient has a metastatic cancer.

11 . The of claim 1 , wherein said patient is a male.

12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said patient has a non-squamous (NSQ) NSCLC.

13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said patient has an ECOG>0.

14 . A method for in vitro determining whether a HLA-A*0201-positive never-smoker or light-smoker patient having a TERT-positive NSCLC is likely to be a good responder to an immunotherapy treatment by vaccination with the peptides of SEQ ID Nos: 1 and 2, comprising assessing the immunogenicity of the tumor, wherein if the tumor is non-immunogenic, the patient is likely to be a good responder to said immunotherapy treatment

15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the immunogenicity of the tumor is assessed by measuring CTL response specific for the peptide of SEQ ID No: 1 and/or by measuring CTL response specific for the peptide of SEQ ID No: 3 and/or by measuring CTL response specific for the peptide of SEQ ID No: 5 in a blood sample from said individual before vaccination, wherein if no such CTL response is detectable, the tumor is non-immunogenic.

16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the CTL response specific for the peptide of SEQ ID No: 1 and/or the CTL response specific for the peptide of SEQ ID No: 3 and/or the CTL response specific for the peptide of SEQ ID No: 5 is measured by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) IFNg assay.

17 . A kit of parts for performing the method of claim 14 , comprising: (i) reagents and a plate for performing an ELISpot assay, (ii) a peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID No: 1, SEQ ID No: 3 and SEQ ID No: 5 and (iii) an irrelevant peptide as negative control.