Energy-efficient assistive stairs

1. A mechanism for recycling energy from stairs, comprising:

(a) a step platform moveable between an upper position and a lower position;

(b) an energy storage device coupled to the step platform and configured to store energy when a downward force is applied to the step platform causing the step platform to move from the upper position to the lower position, the energy storage device also configured to release stored energy as the step platform moves from the lower position to the upper position, wherein the energy storage device comprises:

(i) a frame configured to guide the step platform between the lower position to the upper position; and

(ii) at least one spring coupling the step platform to the frame, wherein the frame comprises:

( 1 ) a first horizontal member, having a first end and an opposite second end, and a second horizontal member, having a first end and an opposite second end, spaced apart from and parallel to the first horizontal member;

( 2 ) a first transverse member coupling the first end of the first horizontal member to the first end of the second horizontal member and a second transverse member coupling the second end of the first horizontal member to the second end of the second horizontal member; and

( 3 ) a first inverted U-shaped member extending upwardly from the first horizontal member adjacent to the first end and the first horizontal member adjacent to the first end and a second inverted U-shaped member extending upwardly from the first horizontal member adjacent to the second end and the first horizontal member adjacent to the second end;

(c) a controllable locking mechanism configured to lock the step platform in the lower position when the downward force has caused the step platform to move into the lower position, wherein the controllable locking mechanism comprises:

(i) at least one first solenoid disposed on the first transverse member and having a retractable arm that is configured to secure the step platform when in an extended position and configured to release the step platform when in a retracted position; and

(ii) at least one second solenoid disposed on the second transverse member and having a retractable arm that is configured to secure the step platform when in an extended position and configured to release the step platform when in a retracted position;

(d) a sensor configured to determine when a downward force has been applied to the step platform; and

(e) a controller configured to signal the controllable locking mechanism to unlock the step platform when the step platform is in the lower position and when the sensor indicates that the downward force has been applied to the step platform.

2. The mechanism of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device comprises a selected one of a spring, a pneumatic energy storage device and a hydraulic energy storage device.

3. A mechanism for recycling energy from stairs, comprising:

(a) a step platform moveable between an upper position and a lower position;

(b) an energy storage device coupled to the step platform and configured to store energy when a downward force is applied to the step platform causing the step platform to move from the upper position to the lower position, the energy storage device also configured to release stored energy as the step platform moves from the lower position to the upper position, wherein the energy storage device comprises:

(i) a frame configured to guide the step platform between the lower position to the upper position; and

(ii) at least one spring coupling the step platform to the frame, wherein the frame comprises:

( 1 ) a first horizontal member, having a first end and an opposite second end, and a second horizontal member, having a first end and an opposite second end, spaced apart from and parallel to the first horizontal member;

( 2 ) a first transverse member coupling the first end of the first horizontal member to the first end of the second horizontal member and a second transverse member coupling the second end of the first horizontal member to the second end of the second horizontal member; and

( 3 ) a first inverted U-shaped member extending upwardly from the first horizontal member adjacent to the first end and the first horizontal member adjacent to the first end and a second inverted U-shaped member extending upwardly from the first horizontal member adjacent to the second end and the first horizontal member adjacent to the second end, wherein the first inverted U-shaped member and the second inverted U-shaped member each includes a top lateral portion and in which at least one spring extends downwardly from each top lateral portion and is coupled to the step platform.

4. The mechanism of claim 3 , wherein the energy storage device comprises a selected one of a spring, a pneumatic energy storage device and a hydraulic energy storage device.

5. A staircase for use by a user, comprising:

(a) a plurality of steps;

(b) an energy storage system disposed on each of the plurality of steps and configured to store energy received from the user as the user descends the staircase and configured to apply an upward force to the user when ascends the staircase; and

(c) a controller that controls the energy storage system, in which each energy storage system comprises:

(i) a step platform moveable between an upper position and a lower position;

(ii) an energy storage device coupled to the step platform and configured to store energy when a downward force is applied to the step platform causing the step platform to move from the upper position to the lower position, the energy storage device also configured to release stored energy as the step platform moves from the lower position to the upper position;

( 1 ) a controllable locking mechanism configured to lock the step platform in the lower position when the downward force has caused the step platform to move into the lower position; and

(d) a pressure sensor configured to determine when a downward force has been applied to the step platform, wherein the controller is configured to signal the controllable locking mechanism to unlock the step platform when the step platform is in the lower position and when the pressure sensor indicates that the downward force has been applied to the step platform, and wherein the energy storage device comprises:

(i) a frame configured to guide the step platform between the lower position to the upper position; and

(ii) at least one spring coupling the step platform to the frame, and wherein the frame comprises:

(i) a first horizontal member, having a first end and an opposite second end, and a second horizontal member, having a first end and an opposite second end, spaced apart from and parallel to the first horizontal member;

(ii) a first transverse member coupling the first end of the first horizontal member to the first end of the second horizontal member and a second transverse member coupling the second end of the first horizontal member to the second end of the second horizontal member; and

(iii) a first inverted U-shaped member extending upwardly from the first horizontal member adjacent to the first end and the first horizontal member adjacent to the first end and a second inverted U-shaped member extending upwardly from the first horizontal member adjacent to the second end and the first horizontal member adjacent to the second end.

6. The staircase of claim 5 , wherein the controllable locking mechanism comprises:

(d) at least one first solenoid disposed on the first transverse member and having a retractable arm that is configured to secure the step platform when in an extended position and configured to release the step platform when in a retracted position; and

(e) at least one second solenoid disposed on the second transverse member and having a retractable arm that is configured to secure the step platform when in an extended position and configured to release the step platform when in a retracted position.

7. The staircase of claim 5 , wherein the first inverted U-shaped member and the second inverted U-shaped member each includes a top lateral portion and in which at least one spring extends downwardly from each top lateral portion and is coupled to the step platform.