Geographic boundary compliance detection using body-worn offender monitoring electronic devices

1. A body-worn tracking device (BWTD) comprising:

a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) device;

at least one motion sensor;

at least one processor; and

at least one memory device comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:

responsive to determining that a current location of the BWTD cannot be determined using the GNSS device, determine, based on data generated by the at least one motion sensor, a net distance between the last known location of the BWTD and the current location of the BWTD;

determine, based on the net distance, whether the BWTD is within a bounded area that includes the last known location;

responsive to determining that BWTD is not within the bounded area, output an indication that the BWTD is not within the bounded area;

wherein the bounded area is automatically adjusted based on information of past use of the BWTD by a monitored person; and

wherein the past use includes how quickly the monitored person re-establishes a GNSS signal when GNSS coverage is lost.

2. The BWTD of claim 1 , wherein the at least one motion sensor comprises:

an accelerometer; and

a gyroscope;

wherein the instructions that cause at least one processor to determine the net distance cause the at least one processor to determine the net distance based on data generated by the accelerometer and data generated by the gyroscope,

wherein the instructions that cause the at least one processor to determine the net distance cause the at least one processor to:

detect, based on the data generated by the accelerometer, a plurality of steps;

determine an estimated distance traveled during each step of the plurality of steps;

determine, based on the data generated by the gyroscope, a direction of travel of each step of the plurality of steps;

determine, based on the estimated distance traveled during each step and the direction of travel of each step, the net distance between the last known location of the BWTD and the current location of the BWTD;

wherein the BWTD further comprises a magnetometer, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:

calibrate, based on data generated by the magnetometer, the gyroscope.

3. The BWTD of claim 1 , wherein the motion data generated by the at least one motion sensor comprises first motion data, wherein the instructions further cause the at least one processor to:

determine, based on data generated by the GNSS device and second data generated by the at least one motion sensor, a stride length of a person wearing the BWTD;

wherein the bounded area comprises a circle surrounding the last known location of the BWTD; and

wherein the net distance includes a straight-line distance between the last known location of the BWTD and the current location of the BWTD.

4. The BWTD of claim 1 , wherein the instructions that cause the at least one processor to determine whether the BWTD is within the bounded area cause the at least one processor to:

determine whether the net distance satisfies a threshold distance; and

responsive to determining that the net distance does not satisfy the threshold distance, determine that the BWTD is not within the bounded area.

5. The BWTD of claim 1 , wherein the instructions that cause the at least one processor to determine whether the BWTD is within the bounded area further cause the at least one processor to determine whether the BWTD is within the bounded area based on:

the net distance between the last known location of the BWTD and the current location of the BWTD, and

a net direction between the last known location of the BWTD and the current location of the BWTD.

6. The BWTD of claim 1 , wherein the instructions further cause the at least one processor to determine, based at least in part on a context of the BWTD, the bounded area,

wherein the context of the BWTD includes a current day or current time.

7. The BWTD of claim 1 , wherein instructions further cause the at least one processor to:

responsive to receiving a plurality of coordinates defining the bounded area, store the plurality of coordinates in the at least one memory device.

8. A method comprising:

determining, by at least one processor of a body-worn tracking device (BWTD), that a current location of the BWTD cannot be determined using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) device of the BWTD;

responsive to determining that the current location of the BWTD cannot be determined using the GNSS device of the BWTD, determining, by the at least one processor and based on data generated by at least one motion sensor of the BWTD, a net distance between the last known location of the BWTD and a current location of the BWTD;

determining, by the at least one processor and based on the net distance, whether the BWTD is within a bounded area that includes the last known location;

responsive to determining that BWTD is not within the bounded area, outputting, by the at least one processor, an indication that the BWTD is not within the bounded area;

wherein the bounded area is automatically adjusted based on information of past use of the BWTD by a monitored person; and

wherein the past use includes how quickly the monitored person re-establishes a GNSS signal when GNSS coverage is lost.

9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:

receiving, by the at least one processor, data generated by an accelerometer of the BWTD, receiving, by the at least one processor, data generated by a gyroscope of the BWTD,

wherein determining the net distance includes determining the net distance based on the data generated by the accelerometer and the data generated by the gyroscope

wherein determining the net distance comprises:

determining, by the at least one processor, based on the data received from the accelerometer, a plurality of steps;

determining, by the at least one processor, an estimated distance traveled during each step of the plurality of steps;

determining, by the at least one processor, based on the data received from the gyroscope, a direction of travel of each step of the plurality of steps;

determining, by the at least one processor, based on the distance traveled during each step and the direction of travel of each step, the net distance between the last known location of the BWTD and the current location of the BWTD, and;

calibrating, by the at least one processor, based on data received from a magnetometer of the BWTD, the gyroscope.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the motion data received by the at least one motion sensor comprises first motion data, the method further comprising:

determining, by the at least one processor, based on location data received from the GNSS device and second data received from the at least one motion sensor, a stride length of a person wearing the BWTD.

11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the bounded area comprises a circle surrounding the last known location of the BWTD.

12. The method of claim 8 , wherein determining whether the BWTD is within the bounded area comprises:

determining, by the at least one processor, whether the net distance satisfies a threshold distance; and

responsive to determining that the net distance does not satisfy the threshold distance, determining, by the at least one processor, that the BWTD is not within the bounded area.

13. The method of claim 8 , wherein determining whether the BWTD is within the bounded area is further based on a net direction between the last known location of the BWTD and the current location of the BWTD.

14. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:

determining, based at least in part on a context of the BWTD, the bounded area,

wherein the context of the BWTD includes a current day or current time.

15. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:

receiving, by the at least one processor and from a remote computing device, a plurality of coordinates defining the bounded area; and

storing, by the at least one processor, the plurality of coordinates to the at least one memory device.

16. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one processor of the BWTD comprises a first processor, the method further comprising:

updating, by at least a second processor of a server device, the bounded area; and

sending, by the at least second processor of the server device and to the BWTD, an indication of the updated bounded area,

outputting, by at least a second processor of a server device, for display, a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising an indication of a person assigned to wear the BWITD and an indication of the bounded area; and

receiving, by the at least second processor of the server device, a user input adjusting the bounded area; and wherein updating the bounded area comprises updating the bounded area based on the user input.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein updating the bounded area of the BWTD comprises:

determining, by the at least second processor of the server device, that the last known location of the BWTD corresponds to a particular building; and

updating, by the at least second processor of the server device, the bounded area to include at least a portion of the particular building.

18. The method of claim 8 , wherein the net distance includes a straight-line distance between the last known location of the BWTD and the current location of the BWTD.

19. The BWTD of claim 1 , wherein the past use includes a compliance level of the monitored person.