Computer-implemented system and method enabling secure storage of a large blockchain over a plurality of storage nodes
A protocol is described which: (i) allows storage nodes to be rewarded for maintaining a public blockchain; and (ii) verifies the integrity of the blockchain with the help of a Proof-of-Blockchain Storage (PoBS) scheme. The protocol provides a way to cryptographically check if a data file stored on a remote server is intact using a challenge-response method. The protocol is secured against a man-in-the-middle attack. A malicious peer cannot pass the challenge to a third party which is storing the data and give back the response. The scheme is also publicly verifiable.
1 . A computer-implemented method for a node of a blockchain network, the computer-implemented method comprising:
selecting one or more blockchain transactions from a blockchain for which proof of storage is challenged, the selected one or more block chain transactions indicative of a transaction depth d, wherein the transaction depth is a number of blocks or confirmations after the selected transaction, and wherein the one or more block chain transactions are selected from one or more blocks that received a plurality of confirmations on the blockchain;
creating a proof of blockchain storage transaction including:
an indication of the one or more selected blockchain transactions for which proof of storage is to be challenged, data associated with a newly mined block which is stored on the blockchain, and a proof of blockchain storage reward which can be unlocked by a storage node that stores the one or more selected blockchain transactions, wherein the proof of blockchain storage reward is set according to the transaction depth d, wherein a larger the transaction depth d corresponds to a greater proof of blockchain storage reward, the proof of blockchain storage reward unlockable by calculating a cryptographic function of data associated with the one or more selected blockchain transactions and based on a secret point of the storage node, wherein the secret point is generated using secret share among a group of nodes including a challenged node and is based on a private key of the group;
generating a challenge prefix which includes identification numbers for the one or more selected blockchain transactions; and
sending the challenge prefix and the proof of blockchain storage transaction to the storage node on the blockchain network.
2 . The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more blockchain transactions are selected from the blockchain at random.
3 . The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein a list of blockchain transactions is selected from the blockchain.
4 . The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein the data associated with the newly mined block is block header data of the newly mined block.
5 . The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein the data associated with a newly mined block is combined with data associated with the one or more blockchain transactions selected from the blockchain.
6 . The computer-implemented method according to claim 5 , wherein the data associated with the newly mined block is combined with the data associated with the one or more blockchain transactions selected from the blockchain by an XOR operation or concatenation.
7 . The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein the proof of blockchain storage transaction includes one of:
the cryptographic function of the data associated with the one or more selected blockchain transactions; and
the cryptographic function of the data associated with the newly mined block combined with the data associated with the one or more selected blockchain transactions.
8 . The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein the proof of blockchain storage transaction includes one or more blockchain network addresses associated with one or more storage nodes on the blockchain network.
9 . The computer-implemented method according to claim 8 , wherein the one or more blockchain network addresses associated with one or more storage nodes on the blockchain network are certified blockchain network addresses, certification being achieved via a private key share scheme.
10 . The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein a random oracle is used to generate the challenge prefix and a cryptographic function of data associated with the one or more selected blockchain transactions or a cryptographic function of data associated with a newly mined block combined with data associated with the one or more selected blockchain transactions.
11 . The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein the challenge prefix is accompanied with a digital signature for integrity and authentication or a challenge prefix message is sent in a non-transaction field.
12 . The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein, upon receipt of the proof of blockchain storage transaction, the one or more storage nodes access the one or more selected blockchain transactions stored on the storage node and use the one or more selected blockchain transactions to unlock the proof of blockchain storage reward.
13 . The computer-implemented method according to claim 12 , wherein the proof of blockchain storage reward is unlocked by calculating one of the cryptographic function of the data associated with the one or more selected blockchain transactions; and
the cryptographic function of the data associated with a newly mined block combined with data associated with the one or more selected blockchain transactions.
14 . A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising computer-executable instructions which, when executed, configure one or more processors to perform the method of claim 1 .
15 . An electronic device comprising:
an interface device;
one or more processor(s) coupled to the interface device; and
a memory coupled to the one or more processor(s), the memory having stored thereon computer executable instructions which, when executed, configure the one or more processor(s) to perform the method of claim 1 .
16 . A node of a blockchain network, the node configured to perform the method of claim 1 .