Method to synthesize graphene-based amphiphilic janus nanosheets
A facile and scalable method to prepare graphene-based amphiphilic Janus nanosheets with high efficiency utilizing the formation of hydrogen bonding to immobilize graphene oxide (GO) on the surfaces of starch microspheres. After selective functionalization of the exposed surface using alkylamine, amphiphilic Janus nanosheets (AJN) were obtained by releasing the nanosheets from the starch microspheres.
1. A method of making a graphene-based Amphiphilic Janus Nanosheet (AJN), comprising:
(a) mixing graphene oxide (GO) and starch microspheres in water, and forming a GO-on-starch microsphere;
(b) hydrophobizing a first surface of the GO-on-starch microsphere and forming a hydrophobized GO-on-starch microsphere; and
(c) releasing the starch microsphere from the hydrophobized GO-on-starch microsphere and forming an Amphiphilic Janus Nanosheet (AJN), wherein the AJN is in at least a 70% yield.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said graphene oxide is two dimensional.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said graphene oxide is a sheet.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said forming a GO-on-starch microsphere is by immobilizing said GO to the starch microsphere by hydrogen bonding.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said starch microspheres are tapioca starch microspheres.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said mixing graphene oxide (GO) and starch microspheres in water, is for 1-20 hours at room temperature.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprises washing said GO-on-starch microsphere with water and ethanol prior to step (c).
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said hydrophobizing comprises conjugating alkylamine to a single-side surface of the GO-on-starch microsphere.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said hydrophobizing comprises conjugating of alkylamine to GO-on-starch by a nucleophilic substitution.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein releasing further comprises sonication and heating.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising after step (c) separating said starch microspheres from said Amphiphilic Janus Nanosheet (AJN) by phase separation in ethanol.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said releasing is in a non-aqueous environment.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising conjugating a hydrophilic species to said Amphiphilic Janus Nanosheet (AJN).
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding the Amphiphilic Janus Nanosheet to a first solvent to form an Amphiphilic Janus Nanosheet nanofluid.
15. An Amphiphilic Janus Nanosheet (AJN) wherein said AJN comprises:
a two dimensional graphene oxide sheet, wherein said graphene oxide sheet comprises:
a first surface, and
a second surface, wherein said first surface comprises at least one of a first functionalized oxygen-rich functional group or a second functionalized oxygen-rich functional group; and said second face comprises at least one of the first functionalized oxygen-rich functional group, or the second functionalized oxygen-rich functional group, and wherein said first functionalized oxygen-rich functional group and the second functionalized oxygen-rich functional group are one of a hydrophobic group or a hydrophilic group,
wherein the AJN is characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) peaks indicative of —C—C—, —C—OH, —C—O—C—, and —O—C═O.
16. A surfactant, comprising the Amphiphilic Janus Nanosheet (AJN) of claim 15 , and a solvent, wherein said surfactant forms a climbing film in an oil/water mixture.
17. The surfactant of claim 16 , wherein the oil/water mixture is a hydrocarbon/brine solution.
18. The surfactant of claim 16 , wherein said surfactant forms an elastic interfacial film at a hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface.
19. The surfactant of claim 18 , wherein said elastic interfacial film at said hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface releases said hydrocarbon from a geological formation.
20. A surfactant of claim 16 , wherein said climbing film is formed in a geologic formation comprising a hydrocarbon.