Process to prepare propylene amines and propylene amine derivatives
A process is provided to prepare propylene amines of the formula NH 2 —(A-NH—) p R, wherein R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, p is at least 1 when R is an alkyl group, and at least 2 when R is a hydrogen atom, or derivatives or precursors thereof wherein one or more units —NH-A-NH— may be present as a cyclic urea unit or a cyclic unit or between two units —NH-A-NH— a carbonyl bond is present, each unit -A- can be independently an alkylene unit and at least one unit -A- is a —C 3 H 6 — unit, wherein each —C 3 H 6 — unit can be linear or branched. The process includes reacting (i) at least one of a hydroxy-functional compound chosen from the alkanolamine-functional compounds, and dihydroxyalkylene compounds, with (ii) an amine-functional compound, in the presence of (iii) a carbon oxide delivering agent, wherein at least one of the alkanolamine-functional compound, the amine-functional compound and/or the carbon oxide delivering agent contains at least one alkylene unit (A) that is a propylene unit.
1. A process of preparing propylene amines of the formula NH 2 -(A-NH—) p R, said method comprising:
reacting
(i) at least one of a hydroxy-functional compound chosen from alkanolamine-functional compounds and dihydroxyalkylene compounds, and
(ii) an amine-functional compound, in the presence of
(iii) a carbon oxide delivering agent,
wherein at least one of the (i) a hydroxy-functional compound, the (ii) amine-functional compound, and/or the (iii) carbon oxide delivering agent comprises at least one alkylene unit (A) that is a linear or branched propylene unit,
wherein in the formula NH 2 -(A-NH—) p R
each A is an independently selected alkylene unit with the proviso that at least one alkylene unit A is the linear or branched propylene unit,
R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group,
p is at least 1 when R is an alkyl group and p is at least 2 when R is a hydrogen atom, and one or more units —NH-A-NH— may be present as
a cyclic urea unit
if p is at least 1 or a cyclic unit
if p is at least 2, or
a carbonyl bond is present between two units NH-A-NH— if p is at least 2, and
wherein the molar ratio of the (iii) carbon oxide delivering agent to the (ii) amine-functional compound is between 0.7:1 and 20:1.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the (i) hydroxy-functional compound to the (ii) amine-functional compound is at least about 0.7:1.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the (i) hydroxy-functional compound to the (ii) amine-functional compound is from about 0.05:1 to about 0.7:1 and a molar ratio of the (iii) carbon oxide delivering agent to the (ii) amine-functional compound is at least 10% higher than the molar ratio of the (i) hydroxy-functional compound to the (ii) amine-functional compound.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the (i) hydroxy-functional compound is an alkanolamine-functional compound and wherein the alkanolamine-functional compound and the (iii) carbon oxide delivering agent are at least partly added to the reaction as a carbamate adduct.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the (ii) amine-functional compound and the (iii) carbon oxide delivering agent are at least partly added to the reaction as a urea adduct.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the (ii) amine functional compound is a primary amine or a cyclic secondary amine compound.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the (ii) amine-functional compound is of the formula R—NH 2 and R is an alkyl group comprising 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein the reaction of (i)-(iii) prepares a cyclic alkylene urea, and wherein the process further comprises the step of converting the obtained cyclic alkylene urea into its corresponding propylene amine.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein the (i) hydroxy-functional compound is an alkanolamine-functional compound of the formula OH-(A-NH—) q H wherein q is at least 1 and the (ii) amine-functional compound is of the formula NH 2 -(A-NH—) r H wherein r is at least 1, and wherein one or more q or r units is present as a cyclic alkylene urea, cyclic alkylene carbamate or cyclic unit
10. The process of claim 1 wherein the (i) hydroxy-functional compound is an alkanolamine-functional compound of the formula OH-(A-NH—) q H wherein q is at least 1, wherein the (ii) amine-functional compound is of the formula NH 2 -(A-NH—) r H wherein r is at least 1 and is free of cyclic unit, and wherein reacting (i)-(iii) is carried out in the presence of (iv) water, with a molar ratio of (iv) water to the (iii) carbon oxide delivering agent of from about 0.01:1 to about 2:1.
11. The process of claim 10 wherein the molar ratio of the (iv) water to the (iii) carbon oxide delivering agent is from about 0.05:1 to about 1:1.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein the (ii) amine-functional compound comprises a terminal cyclic unit
and wherein reacting (i)-(iii) is carried out in a liquid that comprises (iv) water.
13. The process of claim 12 wherein the liquid comprises at least about 75 wt-% of water based on total liquid weight.
14. The process of claim 12 wherein a molar ratio of the (iv) water to the (ii) amine-functional compound is greater than about 0.2:1.
15. The process of claim 1 wherein (iv) water is added or removed during the process intermittently, semi-continuously or continuously.
16. The process of claim 1 further comprising the step of manufacturing the (iii) carbon oxide delivering agent, wherein the (iii) carbon oxide delivering agent is a cyclic urea adduct of an alkyleneamine or alkanolamine compound that comprises at least one NH-A-NH— moiety and at least two alkylene moieties, wherein at least one of the units A and alkylene units is a propylene unit, wherein the step of manufacturing comprises reacting the alkyleneamine or alkanolamine compound with CO 2 in the presence of an auxiliary compound selected from ethylenediamine (EDA), propylenediamine (PDA), monoethanolamine (MEA), monopropanolamine (MPA) and mixtures thereof, and wherein the molar ratio of the auxiliary compound to the (ii) amine-functional compound is at least about 0.02:1.
17. The process of claim 1 further comprising the step of manufacturing the (iii) carbon oxide delivering agent, wherein the (iii) carbon oxide delivering agent is a cyclic urea adduct of an alkyleneamine compound having a linear —NH-A-NH— group, wherein the step of manufacturing comprises the steps of
in an absorption step contacting a liquid medium comprising the alkyleneamine compound with a CO 2 -containing gas stream at a first pressure of from about 1 to about 20 bar and at a first temperature, resulting in the formation of a liquid medium into which CO 2 has been absorbed,
bringing the liquid medium into which CO 2 has been absorbed to cyclic urea formation conditions comprising a second pressure and a second temperature of at least about 120° C., and
in an urea formation step, forming a cyclic urea adduct of the alkyleneamine compound under the urea formation conditions, thereby giving the (iii) carbon oxide delivering agent, wherein a total pressure at the end of the urea formation step is at most about 20 bar, and wherein the first temperature in the absorption step is lower than the second temperature in the urea formation step.
18. The process of claim 1 wherein the propylene amines are further defined as a mixture of straight-chain higher propyleneamines and non-straight-chain higher propyleneamines selected from branched higher propyleneamines and cyclic higher propyleneamines, or urea derivatives thereof, of the formula NH 2 -(A-NH—) p R, wherein the (i) hydroxy-functional compound is an alkanolamine-functional compound, and wherein
the (ii) amine-functional compound comprises
a combination of a straight-chain amine-functional compound and a non-straight-chain amine-functional compound and the alkanolamine-functional compound is a straight-chain alkanolamine-functional compound, or
the (ii) amine-functional compound is a straight-chain amine-functional compound and the alkanolamine-functional compound comprises a combination of a straight-chain alkanolamine-functional compound and a non-straight-chain alkanolamine-functional compound, or
the amine-functional compound comprises a combination of a straight-chain amine-functional compound and a non-straight-chain amine-functional compound and the alkanolamine-functional compound comprises a combination of a straight-chain alkanolamine-functional compound and a non-straight-chain alkanolamine-functional compound.
19. The process of claim 1 wherein the process is integrated and comprises the steps of;
an adduction step providing a CO 2 adduct of a starting compound comprising a —NH-A-NH— moiety or a —NH-A-OH moiety, or HO-A-OH,
in a reaction step reacting the (i) hydroxy-functional compound which is selected from the group of alkanolamines, dihydroxyethane and dihydroxypropane with the (ii) amine-functional compound, wherein at least part of the total of hydroxy-functional compounds and amine-functional compounds is provided in the form of a CO 2 adduct, to form CO 2 adduct of a product propyleneamine compound,
in an elimination step converting the CO 2 adduct of the product polypropylene amine compound to a corresponding product propylene amine compound,
wherein a fraction comprising a recycle compound is provided from the end of the reaction step or the elimination step to the adduction step or to the reaction step,
wherein the recycle compound comprises a —NH-A-NH— moiety or a —NH-A-OH moiety, or HO-A-OH, or a CO 2 adduct thereof, and has per molecule on average fewer of the total of —NH-A-NH— moieties and —NH-A-OH moieties than the product propyleneamine compound.
20. The process of claim 1 wherein the (iii) carbon oxide delivering agent is chosen from carbon dioxide, urea, linear and cyclic alkylene ureas, mono or di-substituted alkylene ureas, alkyl and dialkyl ureas, linear and cyclic carbamates and organic carbonates, and derivatives or precursors thereof selected from carbonate salts, bicarbonate salts and carbamic acids and their associated salts.