Palladium/zeolite-based passive nitrogen oxide adsorber catalyst for purifying exhaust gas
The invention relates to a catalyst which comprises a carrier substrate, palladium, and a zeolite, the largest channels of which are formed by 10 tetradrically coordinated atoms; to the use of said catalyst as a passive nitrogen oxide adsorber, an exhaust gas system which contains said catalyst and an SCR catalyst, and to a method for purifying the exhaust gas of motor vehicles using said exhaust gas system.
1. Catalyst comprising a carrier substrate of length L and a composition that is composed of palladium and a zeolite whose largest channels are formed by 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms, and wherein the composition has no zeolite whose largest channels are not formed by 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms.
2. Catalyst according to claim 1 , characterized in that the zeolite is of structure type *MRE, AEL, AFO, AHT, BOF, BOZ, CGF, CGS, CSV, DAC, EUO, FER, HEU, IFW, IMF, ITH, ITR, JRY, JST, LAU, MEL, MFS, MTT, MVY, MWW, NES, OBW, -PAR, PCR, PON, PSI, RRO, SFF, SFG, STF, STI, STW, -SVR, SZR, TER, TON, TUN, UOS, WEI or -WEN.
3. Catalyst according to claim 1 , characterized in that the zeolite is of structure type MEL, MTT, MWW or SZR.
4. Catalyst according to claim 1 , characterized in that the zeolite is of structure type MWW.
5. Catalyst according to claim 1 , characterized in that the palladium is present in the zeolite structure as palladium cation.
6. Catalyst according to claim 1 , characterized in that the palladium is present in amounts of 1.5 to 10% by weight, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite and palladium and calculated as palladium metal.
7. Catalyst according to claim 1 , characterized in that the composition has palladium as the sole metal in an amount of 1.5 to 10% by weight, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite and palladium and calculated as palladium metal.
8. Catalyst according to claim 7 , characterized in that the zeolite is of structure type MWW, MCM-22, ERB-1, ITQ-1, PSH-3 or SSZ-25.
9. Catalyst according to claim 1 , characterized in that the composition is present in the form of a coating on the carrier substrate.
10. Catalyst according to claim 9 , characterized in that the carrier substrate carries a further catalytically active coating which is a coating that is active in terms of catalytic oxidation and comprises platinum, palladium or platinum and palladium on a carrier material.
11. Catalyst according to claim 1 , characterized in that the composition has a zeolite of structure type FER, MEL, MTT, MWW or SZR coated with 1.5 to 2% by weight palladium, and the composition is supported as a coating on the carrier substrate, which coating extends directly on the carrier substrate over its entire length L and on this coating there is a second coating containing platinum or platinum and palladium in the mass ratio of 4:1 to 14:1 over the entire length L.
12. Catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a passive nitrogen oxide storage catalyst which stores nitrogen oxides in a first temperature range and releases them again in a second temperature range, wherein the second temperature range is at higher temperatures than the first temperature range.
13. Catalyst according to claim 12 , characterized in that the catalyst comprises a zeolite of structure type MWW and palladium as the sole metal in an amount of 1.5 to 10% by weight, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite and palladium and calculated as palladium metal.
14. Exhaust gas system comprising a) a first catalyst according to claim 1 , and b) a second catalyst which is an SCR catalyst.
15. Exhaust gas system according to claim 14 , characterized in that the SCR catalyst is a zeolite belonging to structure type BEA, AEI, CHA, KFI, ERI, LEV, MER or DDR and is exchanged with cobalt, iron, copper or mixtures of two or three of these metals.
16. Exhaust gas system according to claim 14 , characterized in that an injection device for a reducing agent is located between the SCR catalyst and the first catalyst.
17. Method for purifying the exhaust gases of motor vehicles operated with lean-burn engines, characterized in that the exhaust gas is passed through an exhaust gas system according to claim 14 .
18. Exhaust system according to claim 14 wherein the SCR catalyst is positioned downstream, with respect to exhaust gas flow, of the first catalyst.
19. Catalyst according to claim 1 , characterized in that the catalyst has palladium as the sole metal in the composition.
20. A catalyst comprising a carrier substrate of length L and a coating applied on the carrier substrate, with the coating having a composition that is composed of palladium and a zeolite whose largest channels are formed by 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms, and wherein the coating has no zeolite whose largest channels are not formed by 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms.