Method and system for identifying membrane proteins on extracellular vesicles
Disclosed is a method of isolating extracellular vesicles and identifying membrane proteins therefrom. The method includes providing human plasma and/or serum; separating lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles from the human plasma and/or serum by a density gradient preparation, collecting the extracellular vesicles from the separated lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles; isolating and purifying the collected extracellular vesicles by using size exclusion chromatography; treating the isolated and purified extracellular vesicles with an aqueous solution to obtain membranes of the extracellular vesicles, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH in a range of 9 to 14; adding salt in a concentration range between 0.5-2.0M to the aqueous solution; isolating the membranes from the treated extracellular vesicles and identifying proteins on the isolated membranes by employing mass spectrometry.
1. A method of identifying tumor tissue specific-membrane proteins, the method comprising steps of:
(a) isolating extracellular vesicles from a tumor tissue of patients, the isolating comprising:
(i) fragmenting the tissue;
(ii) incubating the fragmented tissue with one or more enzymes to release the extracellular vesicles, wherein the one or more enzymes are selected from a group of proteases including a matrix metalloproteinase, collagenases, and papain and nucleases including DNase, RNase, and Benzonase; and
(iii) separating tissue debris and the extracellular vesicles;
(b) identifying membrane proteins associated with the isolated extracellular vesicles by mass spectrometry;
(c) comparing membrane proteins identified in step (b) with membrane proteins identified as associated with extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma and/or serum sample of healthy subjects by specifically subtracting the membrane proteins identified as associated with extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma and/or serum sample of healthy subjects, to identify tumor tissue-specific membrane proteins; and
(d) creating membrane proteins profiles for the identified tumor tissue-specific membrane proteins.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the membrane proteins are identified as associated with extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma and/or serum sample of healthy subjects by a method comprising:
(i) providing human plasma and/or serum;
(ii) separating lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles from the human plasma and/or serum by a density gradient preparation;
(iii) collecting the extracellular vesicles from the separated lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles;
(iv) isolating and purifying the collected extracellular vesicles by using size exclusion chromatography;
(v) treating the isolated and purified extracellular vesicles with an aqueous solution to obtain membranes of the extracellular vesicles, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH in a range of 9 to 14;
(vi) adding salt in a concentration range between 0.5-2.0M to the aqueous solution;
(vii) isolating the membranes from the treated extracellular vesicles; and
(viii) identifying proteins on the isolated membranes by employing mass spectrometry.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising (ix) ultracentrifugation of the human plasma and/or serum to concentrate extracellular vesicles therein, wherein the step (ix) is performed before the step (ii).
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising plotting the created membrane proteins profiles of the patient against pre-determined membrane proteins profiles of healthy tissues and cancerous tissues.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the plotting comprises employing at least one of a nanoFCM analysis, ELISA, alphaLISA, FACS, fluorescent correlation microscopy and immune-electron microscopy.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tumor tissue is breast cancer tissue.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising plotting the created membrane proteins profiles of the patient against pre-determined membrane proteins profiles of healthy and cancerous breast tissue.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein breast cancer-specific membrane protein is Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 and/or Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4.
9. A computer program product comprising non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable instructions stored thereon, the computer-readable instructions being executable by a computerized device comprising processing hardware to execute a method of identifying tumor tissue specific-membrane proteins, the method comprising steps of:
(a) isolating extracellular vesicles from a tumor tissue of patients, the isolating comprising:
(i) fragmenting the tissue;
(ii) incubating the fragmented tissue with one or more enzymes to release the extracellular vesicles, wherein the one or more enzymes are selected from a group of proteases including a matrix metalloproteinase, collagenases, and papain and nucleases including DNase, RNase, and Benzonase; and
(iii) separating tissue debris and the extracellular vesicles;
(b) identifying membrane proteins associated with the isolated extracellular vesicles by mass spectrometry;
(c) comparing membrane proteins identified in step (b) with membrane proteins identified as associated with extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma and/or serum sample of healthy subjects by specifically subtracting the membrane proteins identified as associated with extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma and/or serum sample of healthy subjects, to identify tumor tissue-specific membrane proteins; and
(d) creating membrane proteins profiles for the identified tumor tissue-specific membrane proteins.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the plotting comprises employing at least one of a nanoFCM analysis, ELISA, alphaLISA, FACS, fluorescent correlation microscopy and immune-electron microscopy.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein separating tissue debris and the extracellular vesicles comprises centrifugation.