Gas cooled faraday rotator and method
To enable several orders of magnitude increases in average power and energy handling capability of Faraday rotators, the technology utilizes high speed gas cooling to efficiently remove thermal loading from the Faraday optic faces while minimizing the thermal wavefront and thermal birefringence by creating a longitudinal thermal gradient. A recirculating gas cooling manifold accelerates the gas over the surface of the slab to create a turbulent flow condition which maximizes the surface cooling rate. The technology further provides a spatially uniform thermal profile on the Faraday slabs.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one Faraday optic having opposing optical faces through which there is a beam propagation axis that is orthogonal to said opposing optical faces;
means for heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic;
a gas cooling system configured to provide gas to cool each face of said opposing faces; and
a magnetic field source configured to induce a desired Faraday rotation of a laser beam propagating on said beam propagation axis through said at least one Faraday optic.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein as said laser beam propagates on said beam propagation axis and through said at least one Faraday optic, said gas cooling system together with said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic are configured to provide a spatially uniform thermal profile in said at least one Faraday optic.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said gas cooling system comprises a recirculating gas cooling manifold configured to accelerate said gas over the surface of each said face to create a turbulent flow condition.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said gas comprises helium.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said at least one Faraday optic comprises an outer edge, wherein said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises a heater in contact with said outer edge.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said at least one Faraday optic comprises an outer edge, wherein said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises means for directing a heater beam onto said outer edge.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said at least one Faraday optic comprises an outer edge, wherein said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises means for directing a heater beam to an area between said beam propagation axis and said outer edge, closer to said outer edge than to said axis.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , comprising at least two of said Faraday optics.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said gas cooling system is configured to direct said gas to outer surfaces of said opposing optical faces.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a Quartz rotator optic located between two Faraday optics of said at least one Faraday optic.
11. A method, comprising:
directing a laser beam on a beam propagation axis through at least one Faraday optic, herein said at least one Faraday optic has opposing optical faces, wherein said beam propagation axis passes through said opposing faces and said Faraday optic and is orthogonal to said opposing optical faces;
heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic;
gas cooling said opposing faces; and
applying a magnetic field induce a desired Faraday rotation of a laser beam propagating on said beam propagation axis through said at least one Faraday optic.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein as said laser beam propagates on said beam propagation axis and through said at least one Faraday optic, said gas cooling together with said heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic provide a spatially uniform thermal profile in said at least one Faraday optic.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising recirculating said gas over the surfaces of said opposing optical faces to create a turbulent flow condition.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein said gas comprises helium.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises heating an outer edge of said at least one Faraday optic.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises directing a heater beam onto an outer edge of said at least one Faraday optic.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises directing a heater beam to an area between said beam propagation axis and an outer edge of said at least one Faraday optic, closer to said outer edge than to said axis.
18. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one Faraday optic having opposing optical faces through which there is a beam propagation axis that is orthogonal to said opposing optical faces;
a mechanism for heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic;
a gas cooling system configured to provide gas to cool each of said opposing faces; and
a magnetic field source configured to induce a desired Faraday rotation of a laser beam propagating along said beam propagation axis through said at least one Faraday optic.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein said gas cooling system is configured to accelerate said gas over the surface of each said face to create a turbulent flow condition.
20. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein each Faraday optic is a solid slab extending between the opposing faces thereof.