METHOD OF ENHANCING RNA EXPRESSION IN A CELL
The present invention describes a virus-derived factor which when provided to cells, e.g., by transfecting the cells with RNA encoding the virus-derived factor, enhances expression of RNA encoding a peptide or protein in the cells. In particular, the virus-derived factor enhances survival of cells, in particular when transfected repetitively with RNA, and reduces an IFN response of cells to transfected RNA. Accordingly, the present invention provides methods and means for enhancing expression of RNA in cells. The cells are preferably transfected with the RNA.
1 . A method for expressing a peptide or protein in a cell comprising the steps of (i) introducing RNA encoding the peptide or protein into the cell and (ii) providing a virus-derived factor comprising Toscana virus NSs protein or a functional variant of Toscana virus NSs protein to the cell.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the virus-derived factor is Toscana virus NSs protein.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the RNA is introduced into the cell repetitively.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the RNA is introduced into the cell by electroporation or lipofection.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the RNA is in vitro transcribed RNA.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the virus-derived factor to the cell comprises introducing RNA encoding the virus-derived factor into the cell.
7 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing vaccinia virus B18R and/or vaccinia virus E3 to the cell.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein providing vaccinia virus B18R and/or vaccinia virus E3 to the cell comprises introducing RNA encoding vaccinia virus B18R and/or RNA encoding vaccinia virus E3 into the cell.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the virus-derived factor to the cell enhances stability and/or expression of the RNA in the cell.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the enhancement of expression of the RNA in the cell comprises an increase in the level of expression and/or an increase in the duration of expression of the RNA in the cell.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the virus-derived factor to the cell enhances cell viability.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell is a fibroblast, a keratinocyte, an epithelial cell, an endothelial cell, a T cell, an antigen presenting cell, or a human cell.
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16 . A method for providing cells having stem cell characteristics comprising the steps of (i) providing a cell population comprising somatic cells, (ii) providing a virus-derived factor comprising Toscana virus NSs protein or a functional variant of Toscana virus NSs protein to the somatic cells, (iii) introducing RNA encoding one or more reprogramming factors into the somatic cells, and (iv) allowing the development of cells having stem cell characteristics.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the virus-derived factor comprises Toscana virus NSs protein.
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein providing the virus-derived factor to the somatic cells comprises introducing RNA encoding the virus-derived factor into the cell.
19 . The method of claim 16 , which further comprises introducing miRNA enhancing reprogramming of the somatic cells to cells having stem cell characteristics into the somatic cells.
20 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the one or more reprogramming factors comprise:
(i) OCT4 and SOX2;
(ii) OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4;
(iii) OCT4, SOX2, and c-MYC;
(iv) OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC;
(v) OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG;
(vi) OCT4, SOX2, and LIN28;
(vii) OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28;
(viii) OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and NANOG;
(ix) OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and LIN28;
(x) OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, NANOG, and LIN28;
(xi) OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and NANOG;
(xii) OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and LIN28;
(xiii) OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, NANOG, and LIN28;
(xiv) OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC, and NANOG;
(xv) OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC, and LIN28; or
(xvi) OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC, NANOG, and LIN28.
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26 . The method of claim 16 , further comprising the step of culturing the somatic cells in the presence of at least one histone deacetylase inhibitor.
27 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the at least one histone deacetylase inhibitor comprises valproic acid.
28 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the step of allowing the development of cells having stem cell characteristics comprises culturing the somatic cells under embryonic stem cell culture conditions.
29 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the stem cell characteristics comprise an embryonic stem cell morphology.
30 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the cells having stem cell characteristics:
(i) have normal karyotypes, express telomerase activity, express cell surface markers that are characteristic for embryonic stem cells and/or express genes that are characteristic for embryonic stem cells;
(ii) exhibit a pluripotent state; and/or
(iii) have the developmental potential to differentiate into advanced derivatives of all three primary germ layers.
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33 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the somatic cells are selected from the group consisting of lung fibroblasts, foreskin fibroblasts, dermal fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial progenitor cells.
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36 . A method for providing differentiated cell types comprising the steps of (i) providing cells having stem cell characteristics using the method of claim 16 , and (ii) culturing the cells having stem cell characteristics under conditions that induce or direct partial or complete differentiation to a differentiated cell type.