Methods for recovering copper, cobalt, indium and nickel with amine containing lixiviant
Compositions and methods are provided that provide recovery of metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt, indium, and other metals are recovered from mine tailings, in situ ore bodies, or postconsumer waste. An amine-containing lixiviant is utilized to generate an aqueous solution of the desired metal from insoluble salts present in the source material. Metals can be recovered and further purified by various processes, including extraction into an immiscible organic solvent, electrowinning, crystallization, and chemical reduction. Spent lixiviant can be regenerated and recycled back into the metal recovery process.
1. A method of recovering a first metal, comprising:
obtaining a source material selected from the group consisting of a mine tailing, an in situ ore body, and postconsumer waste, wherein the source material comprises an insoluble salt of a first metal;
contacting the source material with a lixiviant comprising an amine-continuing compound and a counterion and with an acid form of the counterion to generate a soluble salt of the first metal;
recovering a solution comprising the soluble salt of the first metal,
wherein the first metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt, indium, and nickel; and
regenerating the lixiviant.
2. The method of claim 1 , comprising the additional step of recovering the first metal from the solution.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein recovering the first metal is performed by chemical or electrochemical reduction.
4. The method of claim 2 , Wherein recovering the first metal is performed by crystallization.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein recovering the first metal is performed by formation of an insoluble salt comprising the first metal.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein regenerating the amine-containing lixiviant occurs on formation of the insoluble salt.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein recovering the first metal is performed by contacting the solution with a precipitant selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, a carbonate, a sulfide, a phosphate, and a phosphide.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lixiviant is a compound represented by Formula 1:
Ny,R 1 ,R 2 ,R 3 ,H-Xz Formula 1
wherein N is nitrogen, y represents the number of nitrogen present in the lixiviant, H is hydrogen, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen or an organic group, X is a counterion, and z represents the number of counterions present in the lixiviant.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the counterion is selected from the group consisting of a halide anion, an anion derived from a mineral acid, or an anion derived from an organic acid.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the organic group is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon, an alcohol, an ether, a thioether, an aldehyde, and a ketone.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lixiviant is provided in a quantity that is superstoichiometric relative to that of the metal.
12. The method of claim 1 , comprising an additional step of extracting a contaminant from the source material prior to the step of contacting with the amine-containing lixiviant.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the contaminant comprises an alkaline metal or an alkaline earth.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source material is an in situ ore body, comprising the additional step of injecting the lixiviant into the in situ ore body.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source material is post-consumer waste comprising a battery component or an e-waste.
16. The method of claim 1 , comprising the additional step of extracting a second metal from the source material following extraction of the first metal.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the second metal is selected from the group consisting of a platinum group metal, a group 3 a metal, and a metalloid.
18. The method of claim 1 , comprising regenerating the lixiviant and the acid form of the counterion by electrowinning.
19. The method of claim 1 , comprising regenerating the lixiviant by addition of the acid form of the counterion.