Magnetic material observation method, and magnetic material observation apparatus
A magnetic material observation method in accordance with the present invention includes: an irradiating step including irradiating a region of a sample with an excitation beam and thereby allowing a magnetic element contained in the sample to radiate a characteristic X-ray; a detecting step including detecting intensities of a right-handed circularly polarized component and a left-handed circularly polarized component contained in the characteristic X-ray; and a calculating step including calculating the difference between the intensity of the right-handed circularly polarized component and the intensity of the left-handed circularly polarized component. Reference to such a difference enables precise measurement of the direction or magnitude of magnetization without strict limitations as to the sample.
1. A magnetic material observation method for observing a direction of magnetization or a magnitude of magnetization of a sample that contains a magnetic material, the method comprising:
an irradiating step comprising irradiating a region of the sample with an excitation beam, the excitation beam being a beam that allows an element included in the magnetic material to radiate a characteristic X-ray upon irradiation of the sample with the beam;
a detecting step comprising recognizing, as intensities of two circularly polarized components in respective rotation directions, the characteristic X-ray radiated from the element upon irradiation of the sample with the excitation beam; and
a calculating step comprising calculating a difference between the intensities of the two circularly polarized components recognized in the detecting step.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the excitation beam is an electromagnetic wave beam.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the excitation beam is an electromagnetic wave beam which is other than X-rays.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the excitation beam is a charged particle beam.
5. A magnetic material observation apparatus for observing a direction of magnetization or a magnitude of magnetization of a sample that contains a magnetic material, the magnetic material observation apparatus comprising:
an excitation beam source configured to emit an excitation beam, the excitation beam being a beam that allows an element included in the magnetic material to radiate a characteristic X-ray upon irradiation of the sample with the beam;
a detecting section configured to detect the characteristic X-ray, radiated by the element upon irradiation of the sample with the excitation beam, as circularly polarized components different in direction of rotation, the circularly polarized components being a right-handed circularly polarized component and a left-handed circularly polarized component; and
a data processing section configured to carry out output of values each calculated from a difference between an intensity of the right-handed circularly polarized component and an intensity of the left-handed circularly polarized component.
6. The magnetic material observation apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein:
the excitation beam source is configured to irradiate the sample with the excitation beam such that a position, irradiated with the excitation beam, of the sample sweeps; and
the data processing section is configured to (i) recognize the values as the position irradiated with the excitation beam sweeps and (ii) carries out output of an image in which the values correspond to regions, irradiated with the excitation beam, of the sample.
7. The magnetic material observation apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the detecting section includes a quarter-wave plate for the characteristic X-ray.
8. The magnetic material observation apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the detecting section includes a polarizer configured to impart, to the characteristic X-ray that has passed through the quarter-wave plate and that contains a linearly polarized component, an intensity that differs according to a polarization direction.
9. The magnetic material observation apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the excitation beam is an electromagnetic wave beam.
10. The magnetic material observation apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the excitation beam is an electromagnetic wave beam which is other than X-rays.
11. The magnetic material observation apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the excitation beam is a charged particle beam.
12. The magnetic material observation apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein the excitation beam is an electron beam,
the magnetic material observation apparatus further comprising an image acquiring section configured to acquire a microscope image which is a scanning electron microscope image or a transmission electron microscope image,
the data processing section being configured to carry out output of an image in which the microscope image and a region irradiated with the excitation beam are displayed such that the microscope image and the region correspond to each other.
13. The magnetic material observation apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein a collimating optical system is provided between the sample and the detecting section, the collimating optical system being configured to collimate the characteristic X-ray.
14. The magnetic material observation apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein the collimating optical system is comprised of a Montel multilayer mirror.