Method for producing a shaped catalyst body
Provided herein is a novel process for producing shaped catalyst bodies in which a mixture having aluminum contents of Al ± 0 in the range from 80 to 99.8% by weight, based on the mixture used, is used to form a specific intermetallic phase, shaped catalyst bodies obtainable by the process of the invention, a process for producing an active catalyst fixed bed including the shaped catalyst bodies provided herein, the active catalyst fixed beds and also the use of these active catalyst fixed beds for the hydrogenation of organic hydrogenatable compounds or for formate degradation.
1. A process for producing a shaped catalyst body, comprising the following steps:
a) provisioning a shaped metal foam body comprising at least one first metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Cr, Pt, Ag, Au, and Pd, and
b) impregnating the surface of the shaped metal foam body with
b1) a binder, and
subsequently or simultaneously, with a mixture as a second component, wherein the mixture comprises from 80 to 99.8% by weight of Al ±0 , based on the mixture, and
c) thermally treating under reducing conditions the impregnated shaped metal foam body obtained in step b) so that intermetallic phases in the form of alloys of the metal of the shaped metal foam body from step a) and the aluminum from the mixture of the second component as per step b) are formed on at least part of the surface.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aluminum content of the Al ±0 in the mixture of step b) is in the range from 90 to 99.5% by weight, based on the mixture.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein Al ±0 is comprised in addition to Al 3+ in the mixture of step b).
4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the Al 3+ is present in the form of an oxidic compound selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein at least one organic compound or a further metal or metal oxide or metal carbonate is comprised in addition to the Al ±0 in the mixture of step b), wherein the further metals are selected from the group consisting of Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Cr, Pt, Ag, Au, Pd, and Mo.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first metal of the shaped metal foam body from step a) is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Cu.
7. The shaped catalyst body obtained according to claim 1 .
8. A process for producing an active catalyst fixed bed, comprising the following steps:
I) introducing one or more shaped catalyst bodies obtainable by the process according to claim 1 into a reactor so as to form a stationary catalyst fixed bed, and
II) activating the stationary catalyst fixed bed obtained after step I) with an aqueous base having a concentration of not more than 3.5% by weight.
9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the active catalyst fixed bed obtainable according to step II) is treated with a washing agent selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 4 -alkanols, water, and mixtures thereof in an optional step III), and is subsequently brought into contact with a dopant selected from the group consisting of Ti, Ta, Zr, V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Ce, and Bi in a step IV).
10. An activated catalyst fixed bed obtained by the process according to claim 8 .
11. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the shaped catalyst body as per step I) is present in monolithic form.
12. A method of using the activated catalyst fixed bed according to claim 8 , the method comprising hydrogenating hydrogenatable organic compounds that have at least one carbon-carbon double bond, carbon-nitrogen double bond, carbon-oxygen double bond, carbon-carbon triple bond, carbon-nitrogen triple bond, or nitrogen-oxygen double bond.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the organic compound used for the hydrogenation is 1,4-butynediol or n-butyraldehyde and, as a result of the hydrogenation, 1,4-butanediol is obtainable from the 1,4-butynediol and n-butanol is obtainable from the n-butyraldehyde.
14. The method of claim 8 further comprising the step of
III) using the activated catalyst fixed bed obtained after step II) to degrade formates in a formate-comprising mixtures, wherein the activated catalyst fixed bed comprises nickel as first metal in the shaped metal foam body from step a) of the shaped catalyst body, and the formate degradation is carried out at a temperature of from 60 to 300° C. and a pressure of from 0.1 to 300 bar in the presence of hydrogen.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the formate-comprising mixture comprises carbonyl compounds that have been formed by an aldol reaction of alkanals with formaldehyde and/or corresponding hydrogenation products thereof.
16. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the formate-comprising mixture comprises carbonyl compounds that have been formed by hydroformylation of alkanes by means of CO and H 2 and/or corresponding hydrogenation products thereof.