Antibody-drug conjugates and uses thereof
Provided is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) using one or more cysteine or derivatives thereof as linkers to couple one or more drugs at the limited binding sites of an antibody, making it possible to produce an ADC product with high drug payload, or to choose a drug with less toxicity, thereby obtaining an ADC product with wide therapeutic window. In addition, since a plurality of drugs may be coupled to one binding site, the ADC products obtained by the method of the present disclosure have better uniformity in the case of same DAR value. Moreover, the amount of antibody required for production may be greatly reduced, thereby lowering the cost. Compared with the antibody-drug conjugates coupled only one drug, the antibody-drug conjugates produced by the method of the present disclosure have the same inhibition or killing effect on tumor cells while using fewer drugs for coupling to the same site.
1. An antibody-drug conjugate represented by formula (II) to formula (IV):
or
or
wherein,
A is an antibody or a functional binding fragment thereof;
B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , . . . , and B n are respectively represented by formula (V):
wherein p is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8;
L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , . . . , and L n+1 are each independently a linker, which may be the same or different;
L 1 is covalently linked to the amino terminus of B 1 , L 2 and B 1 , L 3 and B 2 , L 4 and B 3 , . . . , L n+1 and B n are covalently linked via a thiol group, and L 2 and D 1 , L 3 and D 2 , L 4 and D 3 , . . . , L n+1 and D n are covalently linked;
D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , . . . , and D n are each independently an active drug, which may be the same or different;
Z is a group covalently linked to the carbonyl group of B 1 in formula (I), the carbonyl group of B 2 in formula (II), the carbonyl group of B 3 in formula (III) or the carbonyl group of B n in formula (IV);
n is an integer greater than or equal to 4, which represents the number of branches linking to the active drugs; and
m is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8;
wherein L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , . . . , and L n+1 are selected from the group consisting of:
2. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
OH, SH, NH 2 ,
3. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 1 , which has a structure represented by formula (VI-1) to (VI-5):
wherein
A is an antibody or a functional binding fragment thereof;
L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 and L 5 are each independently a linker, which may be the same or different;
D 1 , D 2 , D 3 and D 4 are each independently an active drug, which may be the same or different; and
m is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
4. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein L 1 is covalently linked to an amino residue or a thiol residue of the antibody.
5. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , . . . , and L n+1 are a cleavable linker or a combination of cleavable linkers.
6. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 5 , wherein the cleavable linker comprises a peptide linker and a polysulfide bond, and wherein
the peptide linker comprises 2 to 20 amino acids; and
the polysulfide bond contains 2 to 8 sulfur atoms.
7. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein L 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
8. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein the antibody or functional binding fragment thereof is selected from the group consisting of a monoclonal antibody, a polyclonal antibody, an antibody fragment, Fab, Fab′, Fab′-SH, F(ab′) 2 , Fv, single chain Fv (“scFv”), a diabody, a linear antibody, a bispecific antibody, a multispecific antibody, a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, a fully human antibody, and a fusion protein containing an antigen-binding fragment of antibody.
9. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 8 , wherein the antibody is an IgG antibody or a functional binding fragment thereof.
10. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein the active drug is selected from the group consisting of a cytotoxic molecule, a cell differentiation factor, a stem cell trophic factor, a steroids drug, a drug for treating an autoimmune disease, an anti-inflammatory drug and a drug for treating an infectious disease.
11. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 10 , wherein the cytotoxic molecule is selected from the group consisting of a tubulin inhibitor and a DNA damaging agent.
12. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 1 , which has a structure represented as follows:
wherein
A is an antibody or a functional binding fragment thereof; and
m is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
13. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of the antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
14. A method for the treatment of cancer comprising administering the antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
15. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein L 1 is covalently linked to a thiol group of the antibody.
16. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , . . . , and L n+1 are a non-cleavable linker.
17. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 10 , wherein the tubulin inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of a cytotoxic molecule of dolastatins and auristatins, and a cytotoxic molecule of maytansines; the DNA damaging agent is selected from the group consisting of calicheamicins, duocarmycins, pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD), camptothecins, and SN-38.
18. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 10 , wherein the cytokine molecule of auristatins is selected from the group consisting of MMAE and MMAF; and the cytotoxic molecule of maytansines is selected from the group consisting of DM1 and DM4.
19. The antibody-drug conjugate according to claim 10 , wherein the cytotoxic molecule is selected from the group consisting of: