Acidic ferrate composition and methods of making ferrate
Various embodiments relate to an acidic ferrate composition and methods of making ferrate. A method of forming ferrate includes treating an iron source with an oxidizer in an aqueous solution having a pH of less than 7 under conditions sufficient to form ferrate.
1. A method of making ferrate, the method comprising:
treating ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) with an oxidizer in an aqueous solution having a pH of about 1 to about 5 under conditions sufficient to form an aqueous composition comprising ferrate;
wherein
the ferric chloride and the oxidizer have a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:3, and
the oxidizer comprises potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, potassium chlorate, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, perchloric acid, peracetic acid, potassium monopersulfate, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, ozone, or a combination thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizer is potassium permanganate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a ferrate starting material mixture comprises the iron source and the oxidizer.
4. The method of claim 3 , comprising heating the ferrate starting material mixture, or allowing the ferrate starting material mixture to heat, to form the ferrate.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the ferrate starting material further comprises an acid.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the ferrate and an oxidizable material to form an oxidized material.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the oxidizable material is phosphorus, bacteria, organic material, or a combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the contacting of the ferrate and the oxidizable material occurs in a reaction mixture comprising the ferrate and the oxidizable material.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the reaction mixture comprising the ferrate and the oxidizable material has a pH of about 5 to about 7.
10. A method of making ferrate, the method comprising:
treating ferric chloride with an oxidizer in an aqueous solution comprising HCl and having a pH of about 1 to about 5 under conditions sufficient to form ferrate, wherein the ferric chloride and the oxidizer have a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:3.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the oxidizer is potassium permanganate.
12. A method of making ferrate, the method comprising:
treating an iron source with an oxidizer in an aqueous solution having a pH of less than 7 under conditions sufficient to form an aqueous ferrate composition comprising ferrate ([FeO 4 ] 2− ), the aqueous ferrate composition having a pH of less than 7.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the:
aqueous ferrate composition has a pH of about 1.5 to about 3, the ferrate is about 200,000 to about 400,000 ppm of the aqueous ferrate composition, and the ferrate retains at least 50% of its oxidative activity, on a mass basis, after about 5 to about 7 days at room temperature.