Platforms for co-stimulation, novel car designs and other enhancements for adoptive cellular therapy
The disclosure provides compositions and method that promote adoptive cellular therapy. The disclosure provides polynucleotides, vectors, systems and cells comprising chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), synthetic immune receptors (SIRs), and the like in combination the specific activators of NFkB activity, thus improving cellular proliferation, expression and reduced apoptosis, which improves cell persistence in adoptive cell therapy.
1 . A T cell or T cell population with impaired or abolished functional expression of an endogenously expressed TCR chain and expressing at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor from an expression cassette placed in an endogenous TCR gene locus; wherein the endogenous TCR gene locus is a TCRα chain locus;
wherein the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor comprises two TCR constant chains or functional fragments or variants thereof;
and wherein the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor comprises one or more non-naturally occurring TCR antigen binding domains selected from the group consisting of
i) a heavy chain variable region of an antibody (vH domain) and a complementary light chain variable region of the antibody (vL domain),
(ii) a single chain variable fragment (scFv),
(iii) a single domain antibody (SDAB),
(iv) a camelid vHH domain, and
(vi) a ligand.
2 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor is capable of recruiting at least one TCR associated signaling module.
3 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , where the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor is under the control of a promoter and/or regulatory elements for an endogenous TCRα chain.
4 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , wherein the placement of the non-naturally occurring immune receptor expression cassette disrupts or abolishes the endogenous expression of a TCR comprising an endogenous TCRα chain and an endogenous TCRβ chain.
5 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , wherein the disruption or abolished expression of an endogenous TCR chain results in enhanced expression and/or activity of the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor as compared to its expression and/or activity in T cells with wild-type endogenous TCR.
6 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 5 , wherein the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor is an abTCR.
7 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , wherein the T cell further lacks the expression of a functional HLA and is not alloreactive.
8 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor binds to an antigen selected from a group consisting of CD5; CD19; CD123; CD22; CD30; CD171; CS1 (also referred to as CD2 subset 1, CRACC, MPL, SLAMF7, CD319, and 19A24); C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL-1 or CLECL1); CD33; epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRviii); ganglioside G2 (GD2); ganglioside GD3 (aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer); TNF receptor family member B cell maturation (BCMA); Tn antigen ((Tn Ag) or (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr)); prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA); Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1); Fms Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3); Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG72); CD38; CD44v6; a glycosylated CD43 epitope expressed on acute leukemia or lymphoma but not on hematopoietic progenitors, a glycosylated CD43 epitope expressed on non-hematopoietic cancers, Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM); B7H3 (CD276); KIT (CD117); Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Ra2 or CD213A2); Mesothelin; Interleukin 11 receptor alpha (IL-llRa); prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA); Protease Serine 21 (Testisin or PRSS21); vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2); Lewis(Y) antigen; CD24; Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-beta); Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4); CD20; Folate receptor alpha (FRa or FR1); Folate receptor beta (FRb); Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase ERBB2 (Her2/neu); Mucin 1, cell surface associated (MUC1); epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM); Prostase; prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP); elongation factor 2 mutated (ELF2M); Ephrin B2; fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP); insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-I receptor), carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX); Proteasome (Prosome, Macropain) Subunit, Beta Type, 9 (LMP2); glycoprotein 100 (gp100); oncogene fusion protein consisting of breakpoint cluster region (BCR) and Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (Abl) (bcr-abl); tyrosinase; ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2); sialyl Lewis adhesion molecule (sLe); ganglioside GM3 (aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDClalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer); transglutaminase 5 (TGS5); high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMWMAA); o-acetyl-GD2 ganglioside (OAcGD2); tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1/CD248); tumor endothelial marker 7-related (TEM7R); claudin 6 (CLDN6); thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR); G protein coupled receptor class C group 5, member D (GPRC5D); chromosome X open reading frame 61 (CXORF61); CD97; CD179a; anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK); Polysialic acid; placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1); hexasaccharide portion of globoH glycoceramide (GloboH); mammary gland differentiation antigen (NY-BR-1); uroplakin 2 (UPK2); Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1); adrenoceptor beta 3 (ADRB3); pannexin 3 (PANX3); G protein-coupled receptor 20 (GPR20); lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus K 9 (LY6K); Olfactory receptor 51E2 (OR51E2); TCR Gamma Alternate Reading Frame Protein (TARP); Wilms tumor protein (WT1); Cancer/testis antigen 1 (NY-ESO-1); Cancer/testis antigen 2 (LAGE-la); Melanoma-associated antigen 1 (MAGE-A1); ETS translocation-variant gene 6, located on chromosome 12p (ETV6-AML); sperm protein 17 (SPA17); X Antigen Family, Member IA (XAGE1); angiopoietin-binding cell surface receptor 2 (Tie 2); melanoma cancer testis antigen-1 (MAD-CT-1); melanoma cancer testis antigen-2 (MAD-CT-2); Fos-related antigen 1; tumor protein p53 (p53); p53 mutant; prostein; survivin; telomerase; prostate carcinoma tumor antigen-1 (PCT A-1 or Galectin 8), melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MelanA or MARTI); Rat sarcoma (Ras) mutant; human Telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT); sarcoma translocation breakpoints; melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis (ML-IAP); ERG (transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) ETS fusion gene); N-Acetyl glucosaminyl-transferase V (NA17); paired box protein Pax-3 (PAX3); Androgen receptor; Cyclin B1; v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN); Ras Homolog Family Member C (RhoC); Tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2); Cytochrome P450 1B 1 (CYPIB 1); CCCTC-Binding Factor (Zinc Finger Protein)-Like (BORIS or Brother of the Regulator of Imprinted Sites), Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen Recognized By T Cells 3 (SART3); Paired box protein Pax-5 (PAX5); proacrosin binding protein sp32 (OY-TESI); lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK); A kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP-4); synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 2 (SSX2); Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE-1); renal ubiquitous 1 (RUI); renal ubiquitous 2 (RU2); legumain; human papilloma virus E6 (HPV E6); human papilloma virus E7 (HPV E7); intestinal carboxyl esterase; heat shock protein 70-2 mutated (mut hsp70-2); CD79a; CD79b; CD72; Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1); Fc fragment of IgA receptor (FCAR or CD89); Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 (LILRA2); CD300 molecule-like family member f (CD300LF); C-type lectin domain family 12 member A (CLEC12A); bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2); EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 2 (EMR2); lymphocyte antigen 75 (LY75); Glypican-3 (GPC3); Fc receptor-like 5 (FCRL5); and immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1 (IGLL1), MPL, Biotin, c-MYC epitope Tag, CD34, LAMP1 TROP2, GFRalpha4, CDH17, CDH6, NYBR1, CDH19, CD200R, Slea (CA19.9; Sialyl Lewis Antigen); Fucosyl-GM1, PTK7, gpNMB, CDH1-CD324, DLL3, CD276/B7H3, IL11Ra, IL13Ra2, CD179b-IGL11, TCR gamma-delta, NKG2D, CD32 (FCGR2A), Tn ag, Tim1−/HVCR1, CSF2RA (GM-CSFR-alpha), TGFbetaR2, Lews Ag, TCR-beta1 chain, TCR-beta2 chain, TCR-gamma chain, TCR-delta chain, FITC, Leutenizing hormone receptor (LHR), Follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), Gonadotropin Hormone receptor (CGHR or GR), CCR4, GD3, SLAMF6, SLAMF4, HIV1 envelope glycoprotein, HTLV1-Tax, CMV pp65, EBV-EBNA3c, KSHV K8.1, KSHV-gH, influenza A hemagglutinin (HA), GAD, PDL1, Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC), auto antibody to desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), auto antibody to desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), HLA, HLA-A, HLA-A2, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DP, HLA-DM, HLA-DOA, HLA-DOB, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR, HLA-G, IgE, CD99, Ras G12V, Tissue Factor 1 (TF1), AFP, GPRC5D, Claudin18.2 (CLD18A2 or CLDN18A.2), P-glycoprotein, STEAP1, Liv1, Nectin-4, Cripto, gpA33, BST1/CD157, low conductance chloride channel, and an antigen recognized by TNT antibody.
9 . The T cell of claim 1 , where the T cell is an autologous T cell, an allogeneic T cell, an induced pluripotent stem cell derived T cell, a stem cell derived T cell, a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), regulatory T cell, immunoinhibitory T cell, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ cell, central memory T cell (TCM), stem memory T cell (TSCM), effector memory T cell, effector T cell, Th1 cell, Th2 cell, Th9 cell, Th17 cell, Th22 cell, or T fh (follicular helper) cell.
10 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the T cell of claim 1 ; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
11 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor comprises two TCR constant chains that form a dimer or a multimer with an endogenous TCR chain and CD3γ, CD3δ and CD3ε chains.
12 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor comprises one or more non-naturally occurring TCR antigen binding domains selected from the group consisting of
(i) a heavy chain variable region of an antibody (vH domain) and a complementary light chain variable region of the antibody (vL domain),
(ii) a single chain variable fragment (scFv),
(iii) a single domain antibody (SDAB),
(iv) a camelid vHH domain, and/or
(v) a ligand, and
operatively linked to:
a) two exogenously expressed TCR constant chains selected from the group consisting of constant chain of TCRα (or Cα), TCRβ1 (or Cβ1), TCRβ2 (or Cβ2), TCRγ (or Cγ) and TCRδ (or Cδ) and a functional fragment or a variant thereof, and wherein the two exogenously expressed TCR constant chains or the functional fragment or the variant thereof are expressed from the expression cassette placed in the endogenous TCR gene locus; or
b) two exogenously expressed TCR constant chains chain selected from the group consisting of constant chain of TCRα (or Cα), TCRβ1 (or Cβ1), TCRβ2 (or Cβ2), TCRγ (or Cγ) and TCRδ (or Cδ) and a functional fragment or variant thereof; or
c) one exogenously expressed TCR constant chains selected from the group consisting of constant chain of TCRβ1 (or Cβ1), TCRβ2 (or Cβ2), and a functional fragment or a variant thereof and one endogenously expressed TCR α (or Cα) constant chain, and wherein the one exogenously expressed TCR constant chain or the functional fragment or the variant thereof is expressed from the expression cassette placed in the endogenous TCR gene locus.
13 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , wherein the endogenous TCR gene locus is a first endogenous TCR locus, and a second endogenous TCR locus that is different from the first endogenous TCR locus is modified to eliminate the expression of an endogenous TCR chain encoded by the second endogenous TCR locus.
14 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , where the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor comprises two TCR constant chains selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a T cell receptor alpha (TCRα) constant chain (Cα) having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 15041-15048 and 15133, and a functional fragment or variant thereof, an amino acid sequence with at least 85% identity to any one of SEQ ID NOS: 15041-15048 and 15133, and a sequence that is at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 15041 and comprises one or more of the mutations at the following position-amino acids 10C, 15C, 45C, 48C, 61R, 91S, 92D, 93V, and/or 94P, and the equivalent residues from a non-human species;
(ii) a T cell receptor beta (TCRβ) constant chain (Cβ) having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 15051-15056, 15068 and 15134 and a functional fragment or variant thereof, an amino acid sequence with at least 85% identity to any one of SEQ ID NOS: 15051-15056, 15068 and 15134, and an amino acid sequence that is at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 15051 or 15052 and comprises one or more of the mutations at the following position-amino acids 15C, 17C, 18K or R, 22A, 57C, 59C, 77C, 79G, 1331, 136A and/or 139H, and the equivalent residues from a non-human species;
(iii) a T cell receptor gamma (TCRγ) constant chain (Cγ) having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 15068 and 15135, a functional fragment or variant thereof, and an amino acid sequence having at least 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 15068 or 15135, and the equivalent residues from a non-human species; and
(iv) a T cell receptor delta (TCRδ) constant chain (Cδ) having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 15069 and 15136, a functional fragment or variant thereof, and an amino acid sequence having at least 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 15069 or 15136, and the equivalent residues from a non-human species.
15 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor comprises TCR constant chains comprising one or more mutations that
a) enhance the expression of the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor; and/or enhance the pairing of the two TCR constant chains or
b) reduce the pairing of the two TCR constant chains with an endogenous TCR chain; and/or
c) results in formation of an extra disulfide bond between the two TCR constant chains,
as compared to wild-type TCR constant chains.
16 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor comprises:
a) the heavy chain variable region of an antibody (vH domain) and the complementary light chain variable region of the antibody (vL domain), such that, when expressed, one of said vH domain and vL domain of the antibody is attached to a first off said two TCR constant chains or functional fragments or variants thereof and the other of said vH domain and vL domain of the antibody is attached to a second of the said two TCR constant chains or functional fragments or variants thereof; or
b) an scFv specific for a predefined target antigen attached to one of the two TCR constant chains or functional fragments or variants thereof; or
c) one or two single domain antibody (SDAB) specific for one or two predefined target antigens, such that, when expressed, one of said two SDAB is attached to a first one of said two TCR constant chains or functional fragments or variants thereof and the other of said SDAB is attached to a second of said two TCR constant chains or functional fragments or variants thereof; or
d) one or two camelid vHH domains specific for one or two predefined target antigens, such that, when expressed, one of said two vHH domains is attached to a first of said two TCR constant chains or functional fragments or variants thereof and the other of said two vHH domains is attached to a second of said two TCR constant chains or functional fragments or variants thereof.
17 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor comprises two antigen binding chains comprising:
i) a first antigen-binding chain comprising a heavy chain variable region of an antibody (vH domain); and
ii) a second antigen-binding chain comprising a light chain variable region of the antibody (vL domain);
wherein the first and second antigen-binding chains each comprise a TCRα constant chain (TRAC) polypeptide or a TCRβ constant chain (TRBC) polypeptide, wherein at least one of the TRAC polypeptide and the TRBC polypeptide is endogenous, and the first and the second antigen-binding chains together bind to an antigen.
18 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 17 , wherein
(a) the first antigen-binding chain comprises a vH domain of an antibody and an endogenous TRAC polypeptide, and the second antigen-binding chain comprising a vL domain of the antibody and an exogenous TRBC polypeptide, or
(b) the first antigen-binding chain comprises a vL domain of an antibody and an endogenous TRAC polypeptide; and the second antigen-binding chain comprising a vH domain of the antibody and an exogenous TRBC.
19 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 1 , wherein a promotor-less recombinant nucleic acid sequence encoding the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor is integrated at a site in the genome of the cell, said site being the first exon of a TCR alpha chain, such that the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor is expressed under control of an endogenous TCR alpha chain promoter, to produce said at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor at the surface of the cell, and wherein integration of the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor at said site reduces or prevents expression of a functional TCR alpha chain.
20 . A T cell or a T cell population with impaired or abolished functional expression of an endogenously expressed TCR chain and expressing at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor from an expression cassette placed in an endogenous TCR alpha chain gene locus;
wherein the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor comprises two TCR constant chains or functional fragments or variants thereof; and
wherein the at least one non-naturally occurring immune receptor comprises the variable regions of heavy and light chains of an antibody specific for a predefined target antigen such that when expressed, one of said heavy and light chain variable regions of the antibody is attached to one of said two TCR constant chains or functional fragments or variants thereof either directly or via a linker and the other of said heavy and light chain variable regions of the antibody is attached to the other of said two TCR constant chains or functional fragments or variants thereof either directly or via a linker.
21 . The T cell or T cell population of claim 12 , wherein the one or more non-naturally occurring TCR antigen binding domains are operably linked to TCR constant chains of 91(a) and 91(b) via one or more linker domains.