Methods of nanoscale directional wetting and uses thereof
This invention discloses a method for controlling nanoscopic wetting near or at a molecular scale for synthetic material applications. In particular this invention relates to a method for preparing a monolayer or thin film with a patterned nanoscopic wetting surface using a ‘sitting’ phase of polymerizable amphiphile, wherein hydrophobic alkyl chains of the amphiphile extend along the supporting surface and the amphiphile molecules align side-to-side, effectively forming a repeating cross-section of bilayer with alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic stripes of a ˜6 nm pitch tunable based on the chain length of the amphiphile. Products prepared according to the methods disclosed herein are within the scope of this invention. In some embodiments, monolayers or thin films so prepared are transferable.
1. A monolayer or thin film manufactured according to a process comprising the steps of:
a) preparing a polymerizable amphiphile with at least one hydrophobic constituent and one hydrophilic constituent;
b) preparing a supporting surface;
c) assembling the polymerizable amphiphile on said supporting surface, wherein said amphiphile adopts a horizontal orientation exposing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic constituents; and
d) polymerizing the assembled amphiphile to afford a monolayer or thin film with a patterned nanoscopic wetting surface.
2. The monolayer or thin film of claim 1 , wherein said monolayer or thin film is used to control orientation and/or phase segregation of a block copolymer.
3. The monolayer or thin film of claim 2 , wherein said monolayer or thin film is used to control orientation and/or phase segregation of a block copolymer of a photovoltaic device.
4. The monolayer or thin film of claim 1 , wherein said monolayer or thin film is transferable from the supporting surface to another substrate.
5. The monolayer or thin film of claim 1 , wherein said monolayer or thin film is transferred to a flexible substrate for a wearable electronic device.
6. The monolayer or thin film of 1 , wherein said monolayer or thin film is used to create stacked monolayers or thin films of the same or different kind.
7. The monolayer or thin film of claim 1 , wherein said monolayer or thin film is used to create stacked monolayers or thin films for an organic light-emitting diode.
8. The monolayer or thin film of claim 1 , wherein said supporting surface comprises graphene, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), or a layered material comprising MoS 2 and WS 2 .
9. The monolayer or thin film of claim 1 , wherein said polymerizable amphiphile is a phospholipid.
10. The monolayer or thin film of claim 9 , wherein said phospholipid is 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diyne PC), 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (diyne PE), or an analog thereof.
11. The monolayer or thin film of claim 1 , wherein said monolayer or thin film is transferable.
12. The monolayer or thin film of claim 1 , wherein polymerization of said amphiphile monolayer or thin film is performed by irradiating the monolayer or thin film with an ultraviolet (UV) light.
13. The monolayer or thin film of claim 1 , wherein one or more types of amphiphile are used to prepare said monolayer or thin film together with one or more nonpolymerizable amphiphiles.
14. The monolayer or thin film of claim 1 , wherein one or more types of amphiphile are used to prepare said monolayer or thin film together with one or more non-amphiphiles.
15. The monolayer or thin film of claim 1 , wherein the horizontally oriented amphiphile is used in combination with an amphiphile oriented non-horizontally.
16. The monolayer or thin film of claim 1 , wherein said monolayer or thin film is used to deposit a liquid or other material, wherein a controlled patterned nanoscopic wetting of the deposited liquid or other material is achieved through the liquid or other material accessing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic constituents of said monolayer or thin film.
17. The monolayer or thin film of claim 16 , wherein said liquid or other material comprises an organic material.
18. The monolayer or thin film of claim 16 , wherein said liquid or other material interacts with said amphiphile through covalent or ionic bonding, creating defined regions of a new surface chemistry.
19. The monolayer or thin film of claim 16 , wherein said depositing a liquid or other material comprises electrospray, spin-coating, or drop-casting, wherein wetting properties of said liquid or other material on said supporting surface are controlled by head groups, tail groups, or both of said amphiphile.
20. The monolayer or thin film of claim 16 , wherein said liquid or other material comprises an inorganic material.