Retrofit designs for steel beam-to-column connections
A method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection, includes welding the web of the beam to a flange of the column and slotting the beam web in the region of the connection and near the beam flanges. Stress relief holes are made into the web of the beam and slots are cut into the web of the beam. A top backup bar is welded to the flange of the column and a bottom backup bar is removed from the flange weld to the column. The method includes back gouging the flange of the column at a position of the removed backup bar and welding a bottom flange of the beam to the flange of the column.
1. A method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection, comprising:
lightening a load on a beam by removing a live load on the beam, wherein the beam comprises:
a top beam flange and a bottom beam flange; and
a beam web extending between the top beam flange and the bottom beam flange;
welding the beam web to a flange of a column;
drilling stress relief holes into the beam web;
cutting slots into the beam web;
coupling one or more reinforcing fins to the bottom beam flange and to the flange of the column;
welding a top backup bar to the flange of the column;
removing an existing bottom backup bar from the flange of the column;
back gouging an existing beam flange weld to the column at a position of the removed existing backup bar; and
welding the bottom beam flange to the flange of the column.
2. The method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection of claim 1 , wherein:
the beam web is groove welded to the column flange.
3. The method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection of claim 1 , wherein:
each of the top beam flange and the bottom beam flange is groove welded to the column flange.
4. The method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection of claim 1 , further comprising:
welding a shear plate to the beam web upon welding the beam web to the flange of the column.
5. The method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection of claim 4 , wherein:
the shear plate is fillet welded to the beam web.
6. The method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection of claim 1 , wherein:
a length of each slot is approximately equal to one or more of 1.5×a width of the first beam flange, 14×a thickness of the first beam flange, or 0.5×a depth of the beam.
7. The method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection of claim 1 , wherein:
a length of each slot is driven by a relationship of l s ≤l p +l b /10 based upon the web hinge length, where is l s the length of the slot, l p is a width of the shear plate, and l b is a clear span/2.
8. A method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection, comprising:
welding a web of a beam to a flange of a column;
drilling stress relief holes into the web of the beam;
cutting slots into the web of the beam;
coupling one or more reinforcing fins to the bottom beam flange and to the flange of the column;
welding a top backup bar to the flange of the column;
removing a bottom backup bar from the flange of the column;
back gouging the beam flange weld to the column at a position of the removed backup bar; and
welding a bottom flange of the beam to the flange of the column.
9. The method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection of claim 8 , comprising:
lightening a load on the beam by removing a live load on the beam prior to welding the web of the beam to the flange of the column.
10. The method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection of claim 8 , further comprising:
welding a shear plate to the web of the beam upon welding the web of the beam to the flange of the column.
11. The method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection of claim 8 , wherein:
the shear plate is fillet welded to the beam web.
12. The method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection of claim 8 , wherein:
a thickness of each of the slots is less than a diameter of each of the stress relief holes.
13. The method of retrofitting a pre-Northridge type steel beam-to-column connection of claim 8 , wherein:
a length of each slot is driven by a relationship of l s ≤l p +l b /10 based upon the web hinge length, where is l s the length of the slot, l p is a width of the shear plate, and l b is a clear span/2.