Compact high gradient ion accelerating structure
A high gradient linear accelerating structure can propagate high frequency waves at a negative harmonic to accelerate low-energy ions. The linear accelerating structure can provide a gradient of 50 MV/m for particles at a β of between 0.3 and 0.4. The high gradient structure can be a part of a linear accelerator configured to provide an energy range from an ion source to 450 MeV/u for 12 C 6+ and 250 MeV for protons. The linear accelerator can include one or more of the following sections: a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator operating at the sub-harmonic of the S-band frequency, a high gradient structure for the energy range from ˜45 MeV/u to ˜450 MeV/u.
1. A high-gradient accelerating structure configured to accelerate particles, the high gradient accelerating structure comprising:
a plurality of accelerating cells, each of the plurality of accelerating cells comprising an iris, the iris of each of the plurality of accelerating cells comprising:
an aperture coaxial with a beam axis configured to allow a beam of particles to pass therethrough; and
a nose having a maximum thickness greater than an iris thickness;
wherein the high gradient accelerating structure is configured to receive the beam of particles along the beam axis at a beam velocity and to propagate electromagnetic waves at a negative first harmonic synchronous with the beam of particles.
2. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 1 , further comprising a second plurality of accelerating cells coupled to receive the beam of particles from the plurality of accelerating cells and to maintain the electromagnetic waves as a standing wave.
3. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 1 , wherein the high-gradient accelerating structure has a total length of less than 45 m.
4. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 1 , wherein the high-gradient accelerating structure is configured to apply an energy of at least 200 MeV/u.
5. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 1 , wherein the high-gradient accelerating structure is configured to accelerate the beam of particles at speeds greater than 0.3 times the speed of light.
6. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 1 , wherein the high-gradient accelerating structure is configured to accelerate the beam of particles at speeds lower than 0.4 times the speed of light.
7. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 1 , wherein the high-gradient accelerating structure is configured to produce a gradient of at least 40 MV/m.
8. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 1 , wherein the high-gradient accelerating structure has a length less than 30 m.
9. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the maximum thickness of the nose to a thickness of the iris is between 1 and 5.
10. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 1 , wherein the high-gradient accelerating structure is configured to achieve a shunt impedance of greater than 20 MΩ/m.
11. A high-gradient accelerating structure configured to accelerate particles, the high gradient accelerating structure comprising:
a plurality of high gradient tanks arranged along a beam axis comprising a negative harmonic structure (NHS) tank, the NHS tank comprising:
a plurality of accelerating cells, each of the plurality of accelerating cells comprising an iris, the iris of each of the plurality of accelerating cells comprising:
an aperture coaxial with the beam axis; and
a nose disposed radially about the aperture, the nose having a maximum thickness greater than an iris thickness;
wherein the high gradient accelerating structure is configured to propagate electromagnetic waves at a negative harmonic synchronous with particles having a beam velocity greater than 0.3 times the speed of light.
12. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 11 , further comprising a backward traveling wave (BTW) tank configured to receive the beam of particles travelling in a first direction and to propagate a fundamental harmonic of the electromagnetic waves at a second direction opposite the first direction.
13. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 11 , wherein the NHS tank has a length less than 1 m.
14. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 11 , wherein the high-gradient accelerating structure is configured to achieve a shunt impedance of greater than 30 MΩ/m.
15. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 11 , wherein each of the plurality of irises comprises a plurality of holes spaced from the aperture.
16. The high-gradient accelerating structure of claim 12 , wherein the NHS and BTW tanks of the plurality of tanks have corresponding first and second lengths measured along the beam axis, the first length being shorter than the second length.