Methods for preparing squalene
An improved method for preparing squalene from a squalene-containing composition, said method comprising the steps of (a) a purification distillation carried out at a temperature T 1 (b) a denaturing distillation carried out at a temperature T 2 ; wherein steps (a) and (b) may be performed in either order; T 1 and T 2 are sufficient to cause squalene to boil; T 2 >T 1 ; and T 2 >200° C.
1. A method for preparing squalene from a composition comprising squalene from an animal source, said method comprising steps of (a) a purification distillation carried out at a temperature T 1 , (b) a denaturing distillation carried out at a temperature T 2 and at a pressure of from 0.5 mm Hg to 5.0 mm Hg; wherein steps (a) and (b) may be performed in either order; T 1 and T 2 are sufficient to cause squalene to boil; T 2 >T 1 ; and T 2 ≥200° C.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition of squalene from an animal source prior to distillation comprises one or more proteins.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the composition of squalene from an animal source prior to distillation comprises parvalbumin.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purification distillation is carried out at a temperature of from 70 to 100° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purification distillation is carried out at a pressure of from 0.5 μm Hg to 5 μm Hg.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purification distillation is carried out prior to the denaturing distillation.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the composition comprising squalene to saponification, either before distillation steps (a) and (b), between distillation steps, or after distillation steps (a) and (b).
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein saponification comprises the addition of NaOH or KOH to the composition comprising squalene.
9. A method for the manufacture of a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising preparing squalene according to claim 1 .
10. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising preparing an emulsion with squalene that has been subjected to the purification and denaturing distillations.
11. The method according to claim 10 , further comprising combining the emulsion with an antigen.
12. The method according to claim 10 , further comprising packaging the emulsion into a kit and packaging an antigen component into the kit.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the emulsion component and the antigen component of the kit are in separate vials.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the vials are made from borosilicate glass.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the antigen is an influenza virus antigen.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the combination of the emulsion and the antigen forms a vaccine composition and wherein the vaccine composition includes about 15 μg, about 10 μg, about 7.5 μg, about 5 μg, about 3.8 μg, about 3.75 μg, about 1.9 μg, or about 1.5 μg of hemagglutinin per influenza virus strain.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the combination of the emulsion and the antigen forms a vaccine composition and wherein the vaccine composition includes a thiomersal or 2-phenoxyethanol preservative.
18. A method for re-distillation of a composition comprising 99% squalene or more, said method comprising:
(i) providing a squalene-containing composition comprising 99% squalene or more from an animal source, wherein said squalene-containing composition has been obtained by a process of purification distillation carried out at a temperature T 1 ; and
(ii) subjecting the composition from (i) to a re-distillation, said re-distillation being a denaturing distillation carried out at a temperature T 2 ; wherein T 2 ≥200° C.