Hypersaturation index
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a hypersaturation index for measuring a patient's absorption of oxygen in the blood stream after a patient has reached 100% oxygen saturation. This hypersaturation index provides an indication of the partial pressure of oxygen of a patient. In an embodiment of the present invention, a hypersaturation index is calculated based on the absorption ratio of two different wavelengths of energy at a measuring site. In an embodiment of the invention, a maximum hypersaturation index threshold is determined such that an alarm is triggered when the hypersaturation index reaches or exceeds the threshold. In another embodiment, an alarm is triggered when the hypersaturation index reaches or falls below its starting point when it was first calculated.
1. A pulse oximeter configured to measure an indication of oxygen saturation of a patient, the pulse oximeter comprising:
one or more light emitters configured to emit light of at least two wavelengths of light into tissue of a patient;
one or more detectors configured to output a signal responsive to detected light after attenuation by the tissue of the patient;
one or more signal processors configured to receive the signal and determine at least one ratio from the signal, the at least one ratio comparing detected light of one of the at least two wavelengths to detected light of another of the at least two wavelengths, the one or more signal processors further configured to map the at least one ratio to either an oxygen saturation value or a hypersaturation value, wherein the ratio is mapped to a hypersaturation value if the ratio is below a first threshold and the ratio is mapped to an oxygen saturation value if the ratio is above the first threshold;
displaying either the oxygen saturation value or the hypersaturation value.
2. The pulse oximeter of claim 1 , wherein the first threshold is set at a ratio value that maps to a 100% oxygen saturation value.
3. The pulse oximeter of claim 1 , wherein the ratio is mapped to an oxygen saturation value if the ratio indicates hemoglobin carriers are less than fully saturated, and wherein the ratio is mapped to a hypersaturation value if the ratio indicates the hemoglobin carriers are fully saturated and additional oxygen is dissolved in the blood stream.
4. The pulse oximeter of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen saturation value ranges from 0-100 and wherein the hypersaturation value ranges from 1-10.
5. The pulse oximeter of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen saturation value is displayed separately from the hypersaturation value.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hypersaturation value comprises a numerical value.
7. A method of measuring a hypersaturation level of a patient, the method comprising:
emitting light of at least two wavelengths from one or more light emitters;
detecting the emitted light after attenuation by tissue of a patient by a light detector;
providing a signal representative of the detected emitted light to a signal processor;
processing the signal to determine an indication of a hypersaturation state of a patient, the hypersaturation state indicating the presence of more oxygen in blood of the patient than a 100% oxygen saturation level;
displaying the indication of the hypersaturation state, wherein the indication of the hypersaturation state is determined using an equation usable to determine oxygen saturation measurements at or below 100%.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the indication of the hypersaturation state is determined based on a calculation of a first of the at least two wavelengths to a second of the at least two wavelengths.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the indication of the hypersaturation state is a separately displayed index from oxygen saturation.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the indication of the hypersaturation state is displayed with oxygen saturation.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the indication of the hypersaturation state comprises a numerical value.
12. A pulse oximeter configured to measure an indication of oxygen saturation of a patient, the pulse oximeter comprising:
one or more light emitters configured to emit light of at least two wavelengths of light into tissue of a patient;
one or more detectors configured to output a signal responsive to detected light after attenuation by the tissue of the patient;
one or more signal processor configured to determine a blood oxygen saturation level of the patient, wherein if the blood oxygen saturation level is at 100%, the one or more signal processors configured to calculate an indication of a presence of more oxygen in blood of the patient than a 100% blood oxygen saturation level, the indication of the presence of more oxygen in the blood of the patient than a 100% blood oxygen saturation level determined using an equation usable to determine blood oxygen saturation measurements at or below 100%.
13. The pulse oximeter of claim 12 , wherein the indication of a presence of more oxygen in blood of the patient than the 100% blood oxygen saturation level comprises an index.
14. The pulse oximeter of claim 12 , further comprising a display configured to display one or both of the oxygen saturation level or the indication of the presence of more oxygen in blood of the patient than a 100% blood oxygen saturation level.
15. The pulse oximeter of claim 12 , wherein the indication of a presence of more oxygen in blood of the patient than the 100% blood oxygen saturation level comprises a measure of oxygen dissolved in the blood.
16. The pulse oximeter of claim 12 , wherein the one or more signal processors are further configured to display the indication of the presence of more oxygen in the blood of the patient than a 100% oxygen saturation level.
17. The pulse oximeter of claim 16 , wherein the indication of the presence of more oxygen in the blood of the patient than a 100% oxygen saturation level comprises a numerical value.
18. A pulse oximeter configured to measure an indication of oxygen saturation of a patient, the pulse oximeter comprising:
one or more light emitters configured to emit light of at least two wavelengths of light into tissue of a patient;
one or more detectors configured to output a signal responsive to detected light after attenuation by the tissue of the patient;
one or more signal processors configured to determine an indication of a presence of more oxygen in blood of the patient than a 100% oxygen saturation level and display the indication; wherein the indication of the presence of more oxygen in blood of the patient than a 100% oxygen saturation level is determined using a ratio comparison of information of the detected light of at least a first wavelength of the at least two wavelengths of light to information of the detected light of at least a second wavelength of the at least two wavelengths of light.
19. The pulse oximeter of claim 18 , wherein the indication of a presence of more oxygen in blood of the patient than a 100% blood oxygen saturation level comprises an index.
20. The pulse oximeter of claim 18 , wherein the indication of a presence of more oxygen in blood of the patient than the 100% blood oxygen saturation level comprises a measure of oxygen dissolved in the blood.
21. The pulse oximeter of claim 18 , wherein the one or more signal processors are further configured to display the indication of the presence of more oxygen in the blood of the patient than a 100% oxygen saturation level.
22. The pulse oximeter of claim 21 , wherein the indication of the presence of more oxygen in the blood of the patient than a 100% oxygen saturation level comprises a numerical value.