Split structure particle accelerators

1. A method of manufacturing a particle accelerator, the method comprising:

providing a first waveguide structure comprising a first plurality of recesses spaced apart along a first longitudinal axis of the first waveguide structure, the first plurality of recesses each extending radially from the first longitudinal axis of the first waveguide structure, wherein the first waveguide structure comprises a first bonding surface, the first waveguide structure comprising a first RF input coupling element;

providing a second waveguide structure comprising a second plurality of recesses spaced apart along a second longitudinal axis of the second waveguide structure, the second plurality of recesses each extending radially from the second longitudinal axis of the second waveguide structure, wherein the second waveguide structure comprises a second bonding surface, the second waveguide structure comprising a second RF input coupling element;

aligning the first plurality of recesses with the second plurality of recesses and aligning the first and second RF input coupling elements; and

joining the first waveguide structure to the second waveguide structure such that the first and second plurality of recesses forming a plurality of accelerating cells of a joint structure and such that the first and second RF input coupling elements forming an RF input coupling element configured to couple RF power therein;

wherein each of the plurality of accelerating cells has a central aperture configured to allow a beam of charged particles to travel therethrough along a longitudinal axis extending through central apertures of each of the plurality of accelerating cells, the plurality of accelerating cells configured to accelerate the beam of charged particles to a velocity less than the speed of light.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein joining the first waveguide structure to the second waveguide structure to form the joint structure comprises electron beam welding.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein joining the first waveguide structure to the second waveguide structure to form the joint structure comprises brazing.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein joining the first waveguide structure to the second waveguide structure to form the joint structure comprises diffusion bonding.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein joining the first waveguide structure to the second waveguide structure to form the joint structure comprises supplying a joining metal.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the joining metal comprises copper.

7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the joining metal comprises stainless steel.

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of forming the first plurality of recesses in the first waveguide structure.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein forming the first plurality of recesses in the first waveguide structure comprises milling.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein forming the first plurality of recesses in the first waveguide structure comprises electrical discharge machining.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of accelerating cells comprising a first plurality of cells of a first cell type and a second plurality of cells of a second type different from the first type.

12. A particle accelerator comprising:

a first waveguide portion comprising:

a first plurality of cell portions;

a first iris portion disposed between two of the first plurality of cell portions, the first iris portion comprising a first portion of an aperture;

a first RF input coupling element; and

a first bonding surface; and

a second waveguide portion comprising:

a second plurality of cell portions;

a second iris portion disposed between two of the second plurality of cell portions, the second iris portion comprising a second portion of the aperture;

a second RF input coupling element; and

a second bonding surface;

wherein:

the first bonding surface is disposed adjacent the second bonding surface,

the first and second plurality of cell portions form a plurality of accelerating cells,

the first and second RF input coupling elements form an RF input coupling element, and

the first and second iris portions form an iris and the aperture, the aperture configured to be disposed about a beam axis.

13. The particle accelerator of claim 12 , wherein the aperture is configured to allow a beam of charged particles to travel therethrough along the beam axis.

14. The particle accelerator of claim 12 , wherein the beam axis extends through a center of each of the plurality of accelerating cells.

15. The particle accelerator of claim 12 , further comprising a first plurality of cells of a first cell type and a second plurality of cells of a second type different from the first type.

16. The particle accelerator of claim 12 , wherein at least one of the plurality of accelerating cells is configured to accelerate a beam of charged particles to a velocity between 0.1 and 1.0 times the speed of light.

17. The particle accelerator of claim 12 , wherein the particle accelerator is configured to propagate electromagnetic waves at a frequency greater than 1.0 GHz.

18. The particle accelerator of claim 12 , wherein the particle accelerator is configured to operate at a mode between π/2 and π.

19. The particle accelerator of claim 12 , wherein a joint formed by attachment of the first and second waveguide portions comprises a braze.

20. The particle accelerator of claim 12 , wherein the joined structure is configured to provide an acceleration gradient greater than 1 MV/m.