Multi-stage device and process for production of a low sulfur heavy marine fuel oil
A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel contained within a frame work based on ISO 40 foot or ISO 20 foot container dimensions.
1. A device for the production of a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, the device comprising: a feedstock heater for heating a quantity of a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to give a heated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, a liquid-gas mixer for mixing the heated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture, wherein the liquid-gas feed mixer and the feedstock heater are in fluid communication with each other; a Reaction System in fluid communication with the liquid-gas feed mixer for receiving the Feedstock Mixture, wherein the Reaction System comprises one or more reactor vessels selected from the group consisting of: dense packed fixed bed trickle reactor; dense packed fixed bed up-flow reactor; ebulliated bed three phase up-flow reactor; fixed bed divided wall reactor; fixed bed three phase bubble reactor; fixed bed liquid full reactor, fixed bed high flux reactor; fixed bed structured catalyst bed reactor; fixed bed reactive distillation reactor and combinations thereof, and wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to mote the transformation of said Feedstock Mixture to a Process Mixture; a first separating drum for receiving said Process Mixture and separating any liquid components of said Process Mixture from any bulk gaseous components of said Process Mixture to form a Process Mixture substantially free from the bulk gaseous components, said a first separating drum begin fluid communication with the Reaction System; and a second separation vessel, said second separation vessel being in fluid communication with the first separating drum, for receiving and for separating any residual gaseous components and any by-product hydrocarbon components from said Process Mixture substantially free from the bulk gaseous components to form a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, and further wherein the Reaction System comprises at least six reactor vessels wherein said reactor vessels are configured in a matrix of at least three reactors arranged in series to form a first reactor train and at least three reactors arranged in series to form a second reactor train and wherein the first reactor train and the second reactor train am arranged in parallel to each other and configured such that Process Mixture can be distributed either to the first reactor train or to the second reactor train or to both reactor trains simultaneously.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first reactor in each reactor train is loaded with a first catalyst mixture, the second reactor in each reactor is loaded within a second catalyst mixture and the third reactor is loaded with a third catalyst mixture, and wherein the first catalyst mixture is a mixture of materials selected from the group consisting of: hydrodemetallization catalyst material, hydrotransition catalyst material, inert catalyst material and combinations thereof; and wherein the second catalyst mixture is a mixture of materials selected from the group consisting of: hydrotransition catalyst material, hydrodesulfurization catalyst material, and inert catalyst material and combinations thereof; and wherein the third catalyst mixture is a mixture of materials selected from the group consisting of: hydrodesulfurization catalyst materials, hydrotransition catalyst material, inert catalyst material and combinations thereof.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first reactor in each reactor train is loaded with a first catalyst mixture, the second reactor in each reactor is loaded within a second catalyst mixture and the third reactor is loaded with a third catalyst mixture, and wherein the first catalyst mixture is a mixture consisting of a hydrodemetallization catalyst material, and inert catalyst material; and wherein the second catalyst mixture is a mixture of hydrotransition catalyst material and inert catalyst material; and wherein the third catalyst mixture is a mixture of materials selected from the group consisting of: hydrodesulfurization catalyst materials and inert catalyst material.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein there are at least four reactors in each reactor train and wherein the first reactor in each reactor train is loaded with a first catalyst mixture, the second reactor in each reactor is loaded within a second catalyst mixture, the third reactor is loaded with a third catalyst mixture, and the fourth reactor is loaded with a fourth catalyst mixture, and wherein the first catalyst mixture and the second catalyst mixture are a mixture consisting of a hydrodemetallization catalyst material, and inert catalyst material; and wherein the third catalyst mixture is a mixture of hydrotransition catalyst material and inert catalyst material; and wherein the fourth catalyst mixture is a mixture of materials selected from the group consisting of: hydrodesulfurization catalyst materials and inert catalyst material.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein there are at least four reactors in each reactor train and wherein the first reactor in each reactor train is loaded with a first catalyst mixture, the second reactor in each reactor is loaded within a second catalyst mixture, the third reactor is loaded with a third catalyst mixture, and the fourth reactor is loaded with a fourth catalyst mixture, and wherein the first catalyst mixture is a mixture consisting of a hydrodemetallization catalyst material, and inert catalyst material; and wherein the Second catalyst mixture is a mixture of hydrotransition catalyst material and inert catalyst material; and wherein the third catalyst mixture and the fourth catalyst mixture are a mixture of materials selected from the group consisting of: hydrodesulfurization catalyst materials, hydrotransition catalyst material, and inert catalyst material.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein there are at least four reactors in each reactor train and wherein the first reactor in each reactor train is a fixed bed high flux reactor loaded with a first catalyst mixture, the second reactor in each reactor is a fixed bed high flux reactor loaded within a second catalyst mixture, the third reactor is a fixed bed high flux reactor loaded with a third catalyst mixture, and the fourth reactor is a fixed bed high flux reactor loaded with a fourth catalyst mixture.
7. The device of claim 6 wherein the first catalyst mixture is a mixture consisting of a hydrodemetallization catalyst material, and inert catalyst material; and wherein the second catalyst mixture is a mixture of hydrotransition catalyst material and inert catalyst material; and wherein the third catalyst mixture and the fourth catalyst mixture are a mixture of materials selected from the group consisting of: hydrodesulfurization catalyst materials, hydrotransition catalyst material, and inert catalyst material.
8. The device of claim 6 , wherein the first catalyst mixture is a mixture of materials selected from the group consisting of: hydrodemetallization catalyst material, hydrotransition catalyst material, inert catalyst material and combinations thereof; and wherein the second catalyst mixture is a mixture of materials selected from the group consisting of: hydrotransition catalyst material, hydrodesulfurization catalyst material, and inert catalyst material and combinations thereof; and wherein the third catalyst mixture and fourth catalyst mixture are a mixture of materials selected from the group consisting of: hydrodesulfurization catalyst materials, hydrotransition catalyst material, inert catalyst material and combinations thereof.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the reaction section contains a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises: a porous inorganic oxide catalyst carrier and a transition metal catalyst, wherein the porous inorganic oxide catalyst carrier is at least one carrier selected from the group consisting of alumina, alumina/boria carrier, a carrier containing metal-containing aluminosilicate, alumina/phosphorus carrier, alumina/alkaline earth metal compound carrier, alumina/titania carrier and alumina/zirconia carrier, and wherein the transition metal catalyst is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of group 6, 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the wherein said Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and said Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 5.0 mass % to 1.0 mass %.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the wherein said Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and said Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.50 mass % to 0.05 mass %.
12. A process for the production of a Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, the process comprising: mixing a quantity of said Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, wherein said Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217(2017) and said Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 5.0 mass % to 1.0 mass %, with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture; contacting said Feedstock Mixture with one or more catalysts under reactive conditions in a Reaction System to form a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture; receiving said Process Mixture and separating any liquid components of said Process Mixture from any bulk gaseous components of said Process Mixture; subsequently searing any residual gaseous components and any by-product hydrocarbon components from said Process Mixture to form a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil; and, discharging said Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil; wherein the Reaction System comprises one or more reactor vessels wherein said reactor vessels ae selected from the group consisting of: dense packed fixed bed trickle reactor; dense packed fixed bed up-flow reactor; ebulliated bed three phase up-flow reactor; fixed bed divided wall reactor; fixed bed three phase bubble reactor; fixed bed liquid full reactor, fixed bed high flux reactor; fixed bed structured catalyst bed reactor; fixed bed reactive distillation reactor and combinations thereof, and wherein said contacting of said Feedstock Mixture with one or more catalysts under reactive conditions in a Reaction System to form a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture further comprises the steps of: distributing said Feedstock Mixture to a Reaction System having at least six reactor vessels wherein at least three of said reactor vessels are arranged in series to form a first reactor train and at least three reactor vessels are arranged in series to form a second reactor train, and wherein the first reactor train is arranged in parallel to the second reactor train, and wherein the step of distributing of the Feedstock Mixture is selected from the group of steps consisting of: distributing substantially all of the Feedstock Mixture to the first reactor train and passing the Feedstock Mixture through the first reactor train to form the Process Mixture; distributing substantially all of the Feedstock Mixture to the second reactor train and passing the Feedstock Mixture through the second reactor train to form the Process Mixture; and distributing a first portion of the Feedstock Mixture to the first reactor train and passing the first portion of the Feedstock Mixture through the first reactor train to form a first portion of the Process Mixture, and distributing a second portion of the Feedstock Mixture to the second reactor train and passing the second portion of the Feedstock Mixture through the second reactor train to form a second portion of the Process Mixture and then subsequently combining the first portion of the Process Mixture and the second portion of the Process Mixture into the Process Mixture.
13. The process of claim 12 wherein said Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and said Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.50 mass % to 0.05 mass %.
14. The process of claim 12 wherein the catalyst comprises: a porous inorganic oxide catalyst carrier and a transition metal catalyst, wherein the porous inorganic oxide catalyst carrier is at least one carrier selected from the group consisting of alumina, alumina/boria carrier, a carrier containing metal-containing aluminosilicate, alumina/phosphorus carrier, alumina/alkaline earth metal compound carrier, alumina/titania carrier and alumina/zirconia carrier, and wherein the transition metal catalyst is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of group 6, 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table; and wherein the Activating Gas is selected from mixtures of nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, gaseous water, and methane, such that Activating Gas has an ideal gas partial pressure of hydrogen (p H2 ) greater than 80% of the total pressure of the Activating Gas mixture (P).
15. The process of claim 14 wherein the reactive conditions comprise: the ratio of the quantity of the Activating Gas to the quantity of Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is in the range of 250 scf gas/bbl of Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to 10,000 scf gas/bbl of Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil; a the total pressure is between of 250 psig and 3000 psig; and, the indicated temperature is between of 500° F. to 900° F., and, wherein the liquid hourly space velocity is between 0.05 oil/hour/m 3 catalyst and 1.0 oil/hour/m 3 catalyst.
16. The process of claim 12 , wherein the first reactor in each of the first reactor train and second reactor train is loaded with a first catalyst system wherein the first catalyst system is selected from the group consisting of: a hydrodemetallization catalyst material; a hydrotransition catalyst material; an inert catalyst material; and, combinations thereof, and wherein the second reactor in each of the first reactor train and second reactor train is loaded with a second catalyst system, wherein the second catalyst system is selected from the group consisting of: a hydrotransition catalyst material, a hydrodesulfurization catalyst material; an inert catalyst material; and, combinations thereof, and wherein the third reactor in each of the first reactor train and second reactor train is loaded with a third catalyst system, said third catalyst is selected from the group consisting of a hydrotransition catalyst material, a hydrodesulfurization catalyst material, an inert catalyst material, and combinations thereof.
17. The process of claim 12 , wherein the first reactor in each of the first reactor train and second reactor train is loaded with a majority of hydrodemetallization catalyst material and an inert catalyst material, and wherein the second reactor in each of the first reactor train and second reactor train is loaded with a majority of hydrotransition catalyst and an inert catalyst material, and the third reactor in each of the first reactor train and second reactor train is loaded with a majority of hydrodesulfurization catalyst and an inert catalyst material.
18. The process of claim 12 wherein said contacting of said Feedstock Mixture with one or more catalysts under reactive conditions in a Reaction System to form a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture further comprises the steps of: distributing said Feedstock Mixture to a Reaction System having at least eight reactor vessels wherein at least four of said reactor vessels am arranged in series to form a first reactor train and at least four of said reactor vessels are arranged in series to form a second reactor train, and wherein the first reactor train is arranged in parallel to the second reactor train, and wherein the step of distributing of the Feedstock Mixture is selected from the group of steps consisting of: distributing substantially all of the Feedstock Mixture to the first reactor train and passing the Feedstock Mixture through the first reactor train to form the Process Mixture; distributing substantially all of the Feedstock Mixture to the second reactor train and passing the Feedstock Mixture through the second reactor train to form the Process Mixture; and distributing a first portion of the Feedstock Mixture to the first reactor train and passing the first portion of the Feedstock Mixture through the first reactor train to form a first portion of the Process Mixture, and distributing a second portion of the Feedstock Mixture to the second reactor train and passing the second portion of the Feedstock Mixture through the second reactor train to form a second portion of the Process Mixture and then subsequently combining the first portion of the Process Mixture and the second portion of the Process Mixture into the Process Mixture.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein the first reactor in each of the first reactor train and second reactor train is loaded with a first catalyst system wherein the first catalyst system is selected from the group consisting of: a hydrodemetallization catalyst material; a hydrotransition catalyst material; an inert catalyst material; and, combinations thereof, and wherein the second reactor in each of the first reactor train and second reactor train is loaded with a second catalyst system, wherein the second catalyst system is selected from the group consisting of: a hydrotransition catalyst material, a hydrodesulfurization catalyst material; an inert catalyst material; and, combinations thereof, and wherein the third reactor in each of the first reactor train and second reactor train is loaded with a third catalyst system, said third catalyst is selected from the group consisting of a hydrotransition catalyst material, a hydrodesulfurization catalyst material, an inert catalyst material, and combinations thereof, and wherein the fourth reactor in each of the first reactor train and second reactor train is loaded with a fourth catalyst system, said fourth catalyst is selected from the group consisting of a hydrotransition catalyst material, a hydrodesulfurization catalyst material, an inert catalyst material, and combinations thereof.