Systems and methods for catalytic upgrading of vacuum residue to distillate fractions and olefins with steam
Systems and methods for upgrading a heavy oil feed to a light product comprising distillate fractions and olefins, the method including combining a heavy oil feed with a naphtha-based cracking additive to produce a mixed heavy oil feed; heating the mixed heavy oil feed with a nano-zeolite catalyst in the presence of steam to effect catalytic upgrading of the mixed heavy oil feed to produce lighter distillate fractions and olefins in an upgraded product, the upgraded product including at least about 30 wt. % olefins; and separating the lighter distillate fractions from the olefins.
1. A method for upgrading a heavy oil feed to a light product comprising distillate fractions and olefins, the method comprising the steps of:
combining a heavy oil feed with a naphtha-based cracking additive to produce a mixed heavy oil feed;
heating the mixed heavy oil feed with a nano-zeolite catalyst in the presence of steam to effect catalytic upgrading of the mixed heavy oil feed to produce lighter distillate fractions and olefins in an upgraded product, the upgraded product including at least about 30 wt. % olefins; and
separating the lighter distillate fractions from the olefins, where the nano-zeolite catalyst to mixed heavy oil feed weight ratio is from about 0.5:1 to about 0.5:12.
2. The method according to claim 1 , where the heavy oil feed has an American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity between about 5 and about 22.
3. The method according to claim 1 , where the heavy oil feed is selected from the group consisting of: de-asphalted oil, de-metalized oil, heavy vacuum gas oil, light vacuum gas oil, and combinations thereof.
4. The method according to claim 1 , where the naphtha-based cracking additive comprises straight run naphtha with an API gravity from about 40 to about 77 and a boiling point range from between about 200° F. to 500° F.
5. The method according to claim 1 , where the naphtha-based cracking additive is selected from the group consisting of: straight run whole naphtha, straight run heavy naphtha, light straight run kerosene, gas condensates, and combinations of the same.
6. The method according to claim 1 , where the naphtha-based cracking is added to be at between about 5 wt. % to about 30 wt. % of the weight of the mixed heavy oil feed.
7. The method according to claim 1 , where the naphtha-based cracking additive is added to be at between about 10 wt. % to about 25 wt. % of the weight of the mixed heavy oil feed.
8. The method according to claim 1 , where the step of heating is carried out at between about 550° C. to about 750° C. for between about 2 hours to about 6 hours.
9. The method according to claim 1 , where the step of heating is carried out at between about 590° C. to about 610° C. for between about 3 hours to about 4 hours.
10. The method according to claim 1 , where the nano-zeolite catalyst comprises at least one zeolite selected from the group consisting of: a nano ZSM-5 silica/alumina zeolite with zeolite crystals sized from about 50 to about 500 nm, a nano ZSM-22 silica/alumina zeolite with zeolite crystals sized from about 50 to about 500 nm, and a nano ZSM-23 silica/alumina zeolite with zeolite crystals sized from about 50 to about 500 nm.
11. The method according to claim 1 , where the lighter distillate fractions include at least one component selected from the group consisting of: naphtha, kerosene, diesel, and fuel oil.
12. The method according to claim 1 , where the olefins include at least one component selected from the group consisting of: ethylene, propylene, and butenes.
13. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of regenerating the nano-zeolite catalyst to remove coke after the step of heating, the step of regenerating comprising heating the nano-zeolite catalyst under air at between about 650° C. to about 750° C. for between about 3 hours to about 5 hours.
14. The method according to claim 13 , further comprising the step of measuring CO 2 content to determine completion of the step of regenerating the nano-zeolite catalyst.
15. The method according to claim 1 , where the step of combining includes stirring the heavy oil feed and naphtha-based cracking additive with a stirrer at between about 50 rpm and about 1500 rpm for between about 1 hour and about 2 hours.
16. The method according to claim 1 , where the upgraded product comprises between about 5-15 wt. % hydrogen gas, about 30-70 wt. % olefin gas, and about 5-50 wt. % lighter distillate fractions.
17. The method according to claim 1 , where the step of heating is carried out without hydrogen addition and with water addition at about 2 to about 4 times the liquid hourly space velocity of the mixed heavy oil feed for steam.
18. The method according to claim 1 , where the nano-zeolite catalyst to mixed heavy oil feed weight ratio is from about 0.5:4 to about 0.5:12.
19. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising a first step of separating the lighter distillate fractions from a first aqueous phase and a second step of separating the lighter distillate fractions from a second aqueous phase.
20. The method according to claim 19 , where the first step of separating the lighter distillate fractions from the first aqueous phase comprises the use of an inline centrifuge.