Endobronchial ultrasound imaging

1. A bronchoscope, comprising:

a handle; and

an insertion tube having a proximal section adjacent the handle and a distal tip, the insertion tube comprising:

an ultrasound transducer assembly installed within the distal tip, the ultrasound transducer assembly including:

an ultrasound transducer array,

integrated signal processing electronics for the ultrasound transducer array, wherein the integrated signal processing electronics include an analog front end configured to adjust a carrier frequency, acoustic intensity, pulse repeating frequency, signal bias, and gain level of ultrasound signals, and

a flexible interconnection that provides wired connections between the ultrasound transducer array and the analog front end,

an imaging lumen including one or more power cables and one or more communication wires that extend from the ultrasound transducer assembly through the proximal section,

a working channel that is separate from the imaging lumen, and

an inflatable balloon secured over the ultrasound transducer array,

wherein the handle and the insertion tube, with the inflatable balloon secured over the ultrasound transducer array, are enclosed together in a sterile package.

2. The bronchoscope of claim 1 , further comprising:

a needle positioned within the working channel and enclosed in the sterile package.

3. The bronchoscope of claim 1 , wherein the insertion tube further comprises:

an inflation lumen, the inflation lumen including an exit port configured to provide access to an interior of the balloon when the balloon is secured on the distal tip over the ultrasound transducer array.

4. The bronchoscope of claim 1 , wherein the insertion tube further comprises:

a control lumen extending through the proximal section toward the distal tip, and

a control cable extending along a length of the control lumen, wherein the control cable is connected to a steering control element located in the handle.

5. The bronchoscope of claim 1 , wherein the insertion tube further comprises:

a camera lumen extending along an axial length of the insertion tube, the camera lumen including a camera exit port near the distal tip.

6. The bronchoscope of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound transducer array includes a curved two-dimensional array.

7. The bronchoscope of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound transducer array includes a microelectromechanical system (MEMS).

8. The bronchoscope of claim 1 , further comprising:

a convex lens applied over the ultrasound transducer array.

9. The bronchoscope of claim 1 , wherein the integrated signal processing electronics for the ultrasound transducer array further include a beamformer.

10. The bronchoscope of claim 1 , wherein the integrated signal processing electronics for the ultrasound transducer array further include a multiplexer.

11. The bronchoscope of claim 1 , further comprising:

a linking interface for removably connecting a first handle segment to a second handle segment, wherein the second handle segment includes an entry port for the working channel, and wherein the linking interface:

connects the one or more power cables to a power supply, and

connects the one or more communication wires to control logic.

12. An insertion tube for a bronchoscope, comprising:

a proximal section configured to connect to a handle of the bronchoscope;

a distal tip;

an ultrasound transducer assembly located within the distal tip, the ultrasound transducer assembly including:

an ultrasound transducer array,

integrated signal processing electronics for the ultrasound transducer array, wherein the integrated signal processing electronics include an analog front end configured to adjust at least two of a carrier frequency, acoustic intensity, pulse repeating frequency, signal bias, and gain level of ultrasound signals, and

a flexible interconnection that provides wired connections between the ultrasound transducer array and the analog front end,

an imaging lumen including one or more power cables and one or more communication wires for the ultrasound transducer assembly;

a working channel that is separate from the imaging lumen; and

a sterile needle positioned within the working channel,

wherein the insertion tube and the sterile needle are enclosed together in a sterile package.

13. The insertion tube of claim 12 , further comprising:

an inflatable balloon secured over the ultrasound transducer array.

14. The insertion tube of claim 12 , wherein the ultrasound transducer array includes a microelectromechanical system (MEMS).

15. The insertion tube of claim 12 , wherein the integrated signal processing electronics for the ultrasound transducer array further include a beamformer.

16. The insertion tube of claim 12 , further comprising:

a linking interface for removably connecting a first handle segment to a second handle segment, wherein the second handle segment includes an entry port for the working channel, and wherein the linking interface includes:

a power cable interface to connect the one or more power cables to a power supply, and

a communication interface to connect the one or more communication wires to control logic.

17. The bronchoscope of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the distal tip is located distally beyond an exit port of the working channel.

18. The insertion tube of claim 12 , wherein at least a portion of the distal tip is located distally beyond an exit port of the working channel.