Multi-layered ventilation apparatus and methods of manufacturing thereof
Disclosed is an apparatus for venting buildings, specifically attic spaces, such vents being predominantly shape-conform to the components from which a wall or a roof is built (typically tiles, in the context of roofs), the vent typically being fabricated from a metallic, plastic, or ceramic core as well as one or more layers from other materials or compounds which modify the overall characteristics of the vent, such as the surface characteristics. Furthermore disclosed are methods of manufacturing such ventilation apparatuses.
1. A ventilation apparatus comprising:
a vent core comprising a first material, the first material comprising at least one of a metal, plastic and ceramic; and
a first layer and a second layer, at least one of the first and the second layers comprising a second material with at least one different chemical or physical property than the first material, the first layer and second layer positioned on different sides of the core relative to each other;
wherein the second material comprises at least one of a hydrophobic, super-hydrophobic, icephobic, and anti-icing material;
wherein at least one of the first and second layer is selected from the group consisting essentially of:
(i) a single type of nanoparticle deposited onto the vent core;
(ii) a mix of different types of nanoparticles deposited onto the vent core;
(iii) a nanostructured surface created on the vent core; and
(iv) a nanocomposite material; and
wherein the apparatus comprises a shape conforming in two dimensions to a component of a wall or a roof of a building, wherein the two dimensions extend approximately parallel to a plane formed by the wall or the roof, and wherein the apparatus permits airflow into or out of the building predominantly through the plane formed by the wall or the roof.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second layer comprises at least one of a material selected from the following group: a metal, a ceramic, a polymer, a polymer precursor, silicone, a silicone precursor, a synthetic fluoropolymer, and a synthetic fluoropolymer precursor.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the first and second layer is directly on the vent core.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the first and second layer has at least one of:
a different thermal conductivity than the vent core; and
a different optical reflectivity than the vent core.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein at least one of the first and second layer is configured to mimic the visual appearance and surface texture of a surrounding wall or roof.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the first and second layer is at least one of the group consisting of:
(a) a chemical vapor deposition or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition-formed layer;
(b) an electro-chemical-formed layer;
(c) a thermal spray-formed layer;
(d) a laser assisted surface coating-formed layer;
(e) a plasma transfer arc-formed layer;
(f) a bonding-formed layer;
(g) a sol-gel-formed layer;
(h) a plurality of layers;
(i) an atomized-spray-plasma deposition-formed layer;
(j) a low temperature coating-formed layer; and
(k) physical vapor deposition layer.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the at least one of the first and second layer comprises (j), wherein the low temperature coating-formed layer comprises at least one of a paint layer, a spray paint layer, a spin coated layer, and a dip coated layer.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein at least one layer of the first and second layer comprises at least one of:
a) at least one type of nanoparticle embedded in a matrix material;
b) metal oxide nanoparticles embedded in a polymer based matrix;
c) metal oxide nanoparticles embedded in an acrylate polymer based matrix;
d) metal oxide nanoparticles embedded in a silicone based matrix;
e) metal oxide nanoparticles embedded in a synthetic fluoropolymer based matrix;
f) carbon nanoparticles embedded in a polymer based matrix;
g) carbon nanoparticles embedded in an acrylate polymer based matrix;
h) carbon nanoparticles embedded in a silicone based matrix;
i) carbon nanoparticles embedded in a synthetic fluoropolymer based matrix;
j) naturally occurring nanoparticles embedded in a polymer based matrix;
k) naturally occurring nanoparticles embedded in an acrylate polymer based matrix;
l) naturally occurring nanoparticles embedded in a silicone based matrix;
m) naturally occurring nanoparticles embedded in a synthetic fluoropolymer based matrix;
n) metal nanoparticles embedded in a polymer based matrix;
o) metal nanoparticles embedded in an acrylate polymer based matrix;
p) metal nanoparticles embedded in a silicone based matrix;
q) metal nanoparticles embedded in a synthetic fluoropolymer based matrix;
r) at least one type of nanoparticle embedded in a polymer or polymer precursor matrix;
s) at least one type of nanoparticle embedded in a silicone or silicone precursor matrix; and
t) at least one type of nanoparticle embedded in a synthetic fluoropolymer or synthetic fluoropolymer precursor matrix.
9. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein at least one layer of the first and second layer consists essentially of metal.
10. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein at least one layer of the first and second layer consists essentially of ceramic.
11. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein at least one layer of the first and second layer consists essentially of one or more dissolved polymers.
12. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein at least one layer of the first and second layer consists essentially of one or more processed polymers precursors.
13. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein at least one layer of the first and second layer consists essentially of one or more silicones or processed silicone precursors.
14. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein at least one layer of the first and second layer consists essentially of at least one synthetic fluoropolymer or processed synthetic fluoropolymer precursors.