Method for forming a composite structure and a fiber layer for a composite structure
A filament network for a composite structure may include a number of fiber layers, wherein each fiber layer includes a fiber bundle and a filament layer at least partially covering the fiber bundle, the filament layer including discontinuous filaments including at least one of different length filaments including first length filaments and second length filaments, wherein the first length filaments include a first length and the second length filaments include a second length, and wherein the first length is different than the second length and different type filaments including first type filaments and second type filaments, wherein the first type filaments include a first material composition, wherein the second type filaments include a second material composition, and wherein the first material composition is different that the second material composition, and a resin binding the number of fiber layers together.
1. A method for forming a composite structure comprising steps of:
positioning a filament interlayer between a pair of layers of reinforcement material to form a fiber layer,
wherein:
the reinforcement material comprises a plurality of fiber bundles of continuous reinforcing fibers; and
the filament interlayer comprises a filament network comprising:
first discontinuous filaments, the first discontinuous filaments comprising a polymeric material having a first length between 15 micrometers and 15 millimeters and a melting temperature between 50° C. and 175° C.;
second discontinuous filaments entangled with the first discontinuous filaments, the second discontinuous filaments comprising a stiff material having a second length between 30 millimeters and 100 millimeters and a melting temperature greater than 175° C.; and
third discontinuous filaments entangled with the first discontinuous filaments and the second discontinuous filaments, the third discontinuous filaments comprising a functional material having a third length between 15 millimeters and 30 millimeters and a melting temperature greater than 175° C.;
the first discontinuous filaments and the third discontinuous filaments are positioned so that filament ends of a portion of the first discontinuous filaments and a portion of the third discontinuous filaments at least partially penetrate the plurality of fiber bundles of the pair of layers of the reinforcement material;
the first discontinuous filaments provide for thermal bonding of the filament network and the pair of layers of the reinforcement material when melted;
the second discontinuous filaments provide for mechanical strength and stability of the fiber layer; and
the functional material of the third discontinuous filaments imparts at least one functional characteristic to the fiber layer;
forming a reinforcement layup for the composite structure from a number of fiber layers; and
infusing a resin through the reinforcement layup to form the composite structure.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming the filament network by combining the first discontinuous filaments, the second discontinuous filaments, and the third discontinuous filaments into a homogenous dispersion and processing the homogenous dispersion to form a non-woven sheet.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising binding the first discontinuous filaments, the second discontinuous filaments, and the third discontinuous filaments together with a binding material.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein the homogenous dispersion is processed via wet laid non-woven sheet manufacture to form the non-woven sheet.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein the homogenous dispersion is processed via dry laid non-woven sheet manufacture to form the non-woven sheet.
6. The method of claim 2 wherein the homogenous dispersion is processed via air laid non-woven sheet manufacture to form the non-woven sheet.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of forming of the reinforcement layup comprises at least one of mechanical binding, thermal binding, and chemical binding.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of positioning comprises:
laying up a first one of the pair of layers of the reinforcement material on a preform or tool;
binding the filament interlayer to a surface of the first one of the pair of layers of the reinforcement material;
laying up a second one of the pair of layers of the reinforcement material on the filament interlayer; and
binding the filament interlayer to a surface of the second one of the pair of layers of the reinforcement material.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of positioning comprises:
laying up a first one of the pair of layers of the reinforcement material on a preform or tool;
binding the first discontinuous filaments, the second discontinuous filaments, and the third discontinuous filaments, in a loose chopped form, to the first one of the pair of layers of the reinforcement material to form the filament interlayer; and
laying up a second one of the pair of layers of the reinforcement material on the filament interlayer.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising curing the resin.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the resin comprises a thermoset resin.
12. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
forming a plurality of non-woven sheets from the homogenous dispersion; and
laminating the plurality of non-woven sheets together.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the filament network comprises 25 percent by weight of the first discontinuous filaments, 50 percent by weight of the second discontinuous filaments, and 25 percent by weight of the third discontinuous filaments.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one functional characteristic comprises toughness, stiffness, flame resistance, surface area, and conductivity.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the filament network further comprises a permeable film; and
the first discontinuous filaments, the second discontinuous filaments, and the third discontinuous filaments are dispersed in the film.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the polymeric material of the first discontinuous filaments comprises at least one of polyolefin, polyurethane, and thermoplastic; and
the stiff material of the second discontinuous filaments comprises at least one of carbon, glass, metal, and ceramic.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein:
wherein the functional material of the third discontinuous filaments comprises at least one of carbon, polyether ether ketone, polyimide, nylon, and polyurethane; and
the at least one functional characteristic comprises toughness.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the functional material of the third discontinuous filaments comprises at least one of polyimide, polybenzoxazole, polybenzimidazole, polybenzthiazole, polybenzoxazine, ceramic, and glass; and
the functional characteristic comprises flame resistance.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the functional material of the third discontinuous filaments comprises at least one of carbon and metal; and
the functional characteristic comprises electrical conductivity.
20. A method for forming a fiber layer comprising:
selecting first discontinuous filaments comprising a polymeric material having a first length between 15 micrometers and 15 millimeters and a melting temperature between 50° C. and 175° C.;
selecting second discontinuous filaments comprising a stiff material having a second length between 30 millimeters and 100 millimeters and a melting temperature greater than 175° C.;
selecting third discontinuous filaments comprising a functional material having a third length between 15 millimeters and 30 millimeters and a melting temperature greater than 175° C.;
forming a filament interlayer comprising a non-woven filament network of the first discontinuous filaments, the second discontinuous filaments entangled with the first discontinuous filaments, and the third discontinuous filaments entangled with the first discontinuous filaments and the second discontinuous filaments; and
coupling the filament interlayer between a pair of layers of reinforcement material, the reinforcement material comprising a plurality of fiber bundles of continuous reinforcing fibers,
wherein:
the first discontinuous filaments and the third discontinuous filaments are positioned so that filament ends of a portion of the first discontinuous filaments and a portion of the third discontinuous filaments at least partially penetrate the plurality of fiber bundles of the pair of layers of the reinforcement material;
the first discontinuous filaments provide for thermal bonding of the filament network and the pair of layers of the reinforcement material when melted;
the second discontinuous filaments provide for mechanical strength and stability of the fiber layer; and
the functional material of the third discontinuous filaments imparts at least one functional characteristic to the fiber layer.