Class-A components comprising moldable carbon fiber
Class-A components (CAC) include a first and second skin layer each having a polymer matrix and a fiber reinforcing material embedded within the polymer matrix, a third layer disposed between the first and second skin layers and including a third polymer matrix and a filler material interspersed within the third polymer matrix, and a Class-A finish coat applied to the second skin layer. The fiber reinforcing materials include a plurality of substantially aligned carbon fibers and a plurality of low strength regions staggered throughout the carbon fibers. The CAC can be integrated with a rigid vehicle frame. The CAC can be a structural component. The CAC can be a door, a roof panel, or a hood. The CAC can include a layer of woven fibers between the Class-A finish coat and the second skin layer and a portion of the woven fibers can be visible through the Class-A surface layer.
1. A vehicle comprising:
a vehicle body with a rigid frame; and
a Class-A component (CAC) integrated with the rigid frame, wherein the CAC includes:
a first skin layer comprising a first polymer matrix and a first fiber reinforcing material embedded within the first polymer matrix, the first skin layer having a first thickness of greater than or equal to about 0.1 mm to less than or equal to about 5 mm,
a second skin layer comprising a second polymer matrix and a second fiber reinforcing material embedded within the second polymer matrix, and defined by an outer surface and an inner surface oriented towards the first skin layer, the second skin layer having a second thickness of greater than or equal to about 0.1 mm to less than or equal to about 5 mm,
a third layer disposed between the first and second skin layers and comprising a third polymer matrix and a filler material interspersed within the third polymer matrix, the third layer having a third thickness of greater than or equal to about 0.1 mm to less than or equal to about 10 mm,
a Class-A finish coat applied to the outer surface of the second skin layer forming a Class-A surface layer, and
a fourth layer disposed between the Class-A finish coat and the second skin layer, the fourth layer comprising woven fibers or a sheet molding compound (SMC),
wherein the first fiber reinforcing material and the second fiber reinforcing material each comprise a plurality of substantially aligned carbon fibers defining a major axis and a second axis perpendicular to the major axis, and the plurality of substantially aligned carbon fibers comprise a plurality of low strength regions staggered with respect to the second axis.
2. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the CAC is a structural component.
3. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the CAC is a door.
4. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the CAC is a roof panel.
5. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the CAC is a hood.
6. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the fourth layer comprises the woven fibers.
7. The vehicle of claim 6 , wherein the Class-A finish coat is clear and at least a portion of the woven fibers is visible through the Class-A surface layer.
8. A Class-A component (CAC) comprising:
a first skin layer comprising a first polymer matrix and a first fiber reinforcing material embedded within the first polymer matrix, the first skin layer having a first thickness of greater than or equal to about 0.1 mm to less than or equal to about 5 mm,
a second skin layer comprising a second polymer matrix and a second fiber reinforcing material embedded within the second polymer matrix, and defined by an outer surface and an inner surface oriented towards the first skin layer, the second skin layer having a second thickness of greater than or equal to about 0.1 mm to less than or equal to about 5 mm,
a third layer disposed between the first and second skin layers and comprising a third polymer matrix and a filler material interspersed within the third polymer matrix, the third layer having a third thickness of greater than or equal to about 0.1 mm to less than or equal to about 10 mm,
a Class-A finish coat applied to the outer surface of the second skin layer forming a Class-A surface layer, and
a fourth layer disposed between the Class-A finish coat and the second skin layer, the fourth layer comprising woven fibers or a sheet molding compound (SMC),
wherein the first fiber reinforcing material and the second fiber reinforcing material each comprise a plurality of substantially aligned carbon fibers defining a major axis and a second axis perpendicular to the major axis, and the plurality of substantially aligned carbon fibers comprise a plurality of low strength regions staggered with respect to the second axis.
9. The CAC of claim 8 , wherein a low strength region comprises a perforation in the carbon fiber.
10. The CAC of claim 8 , wherein a low strength region comprises a region with a thickness lower than the average thickness of the carbon fiber.
11. The CAC of claim 8 , wherein a low strength region comprises a region with a molecular or chemical structure that differs from the bulk of the carbon fiber.
12. The CAC of claim 8 , wherein the third layer is substantially free of fiber material.
13. The CAC of claim 8 , wherein the fourth layer comprises the SMC, the SMC comprising a polymer matrix imbedded with chopped fibers and the fibers having an average length of about 10 mm to about 50 mm.
14. The CAC of claim 8 , wherein the Class-A finish coat comprises one or more of a polyurethane, an epoxy, a polyester, and a vinyl ester.
15. The CAC of claim 8 , wherein the first skin layer comprises about 20 v. % to about 75 v. % of the first fiber reinforcing material and the second skin layer comprises about 20 v. % to about 75 v. % of the second fiber reinforcing material.
16. The CAC of claim 15 , wherein the low strength regions of the first fiber reinforcing material define a first set of high strength regions with an average length of about 5 mm to about 15 mm and a second set of high strength regions with an average length of about 20 mm to about 90 mm, and the low strength regions of the second fiber reinforcing material define a third set of high strength regions with an average length of about 5 mm to about 15 mm and a fourth set of high strength regions with an average length of about 20 mm to about 90 mm.
17. The CAC of claim 8 , wherein the filler material of the third layer includes hollow glass microspheres, silicon particles, wood particles, and calcium carbonate fragments.
18. The CAC of claim 8 , wherein the filler material of the third layer includes one or more of hollow glass microspheres, and the third polymer matrix includes up to 50% by volume of the hollow glass microspheres.
19. The CAC of claim 8 , wherein the first polymer matrix and the second polymer matrix each comprise an epoxy, a polyurethane thermoset resin, or a nylon thermoplastic resin.
20. The CAC of claim 8 , wherein the third polymer matrix comprises an epoxy, a polyurethane thermoset resin, or a nylon thermoplastic resin.