System and method of mitigating interference caused by coupling from power amplifier to voltage-controlled oscillator
A transmitter including a frequency synthesizer with a voltage-controlled oscillator that provides an oscillating signal, a programmable delay circuit that delays the oscillating signal to provide a delayed oscillating signal, a power amplifier that is configured to use the delayed oscillating signal for transmitting a signal, and a delay controller that programs the delay circuit with a delay time that reduces interference caused by coupling from the power amplifier to the voltage-controlled oscillator. The delay circuit may be programmed to reduce control voltage change of the voltage-controlled oscillator as a function of delay change, and/or to reduce phase noise degradation at an output of the transmitter as a function of delay change. The delay may be adjusted based on detected operating temperature. A calibration value may be determined at a calibration frequency, in which a frequency offset may be determined based on a selected channel frequency.
1. A transmitter, comprising:
a frequency synthesizer comprising a voltage-controlled oscillator having an input receiving a control voltage and having an output providing a modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal;
at least one frequency divider, coupled to the voltage-controlled oscillator for receiving the modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal, that divides down a frequency of the modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal by an integer factor and that outputs a local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal;
a programmable delay circuit, coupled to the at least one frequency divider for receiving the local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal, that delays the local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal and that outputs a delayed local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal;
a driver circuit having an input coupled to the programmable delay circuit for receiving the delayed local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal and having an output;
a power amplifier having an input coupled to the output of the driver circuit, wherein the power amplifier is configured to amplify the delayed local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal for transmission via an antenna at a power level sufficient to produce interference of the control voltage caused by magnetic coupling from the power amplifier to the voltage-controlled oscillator; and
a delay controller that programs the delay circuit with a delay time that remains unmodified during the transmission, wherein the delay time is selected for the transmission to reduce a rate of change of the control voltage of the voltage-controlled oscillator as a function of delay to correspondingly reduce the interference of the control voltage caused by the magnetic coupling from the power amplifier to the voltage-controlled oscillator during the transmission;
wherein the transmitter, including the frequency synthesizer, the voltage-controlled oscillator, the at least one frequency divider, the programmable delay circuit, the driver circuit, the power amplifier, and the delay controller, is integrated on a semiconductor chip.
2. The transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the delay circuit is digitally programmed to select an integer number of delay steps, and wherein a total number of delay steps and a duration of each delay step is determined based on a period of the oscillating signal for each of multiple oscillation frequencies of operation.
3. The transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the delay controller programs the delay circuit to reduce control voltage change of the voltage-controlled oscillator as a function of delay change.
4. The transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the delay controller programs the delay circuit to reduce phase noise degradation at an output of the transmitter as a function of delay change.
5. The transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the delay controller adjusts the delay circuit based on a propagation delay between the voltage-controlled oscillator and the power amplifier and a frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator.
6. The transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the delay controller adjusts the delay circuit based on a detected operating temperature.
7. The transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the delay controller combines a calibration value with a channel frequency offset and a temperature offset to determine a delay select value used to program the delay circuit.
8. The transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the delay controller comprises:
a memory that stores a plurality of temperature offsets based on detected temperature; and
a combiner that combines a calibration value to a selected one of the plurality of temperature offsets and to a frequency offset to provide a delay select value used to program the delay circuit.
9. The transmitter of claim 8 , wherein the memory stores a plurality of calibration values each determined by a corresponding one of a plurality of frequency bands of transmission, and wherein one of the plurality of calibration values is selected based on a selected one of the plurality of frequency bands of transmission.
10. The transmitter of claim 8 , further comprising processing circuitry that calculates and provides the frequency offset based on a calibrated propagation delay between the voltage-controlled oscillator and the power amplifier and a frequency difference between a channel frequency and a calibration frequency used to determine the calibrated propagation delay.
11. The transmitter of claim 8 , further comprising processing circuitry that selects from among the plurality of temperature offsets based on detected temperature.
12. The transmitter of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of temperature offsets are determined based on measuring delay across an applicable operating temperature range relative to a calibration temperature and an incremental delay step.
13. A method of mitigating interference in a transmitter caused by magnetic coupling from a power amplifier to a voltage-controlled oscillator, the method comprising:
providing the transmitter, including the voltage-controlled oscillator and the power amplifier, on a semiconductor chip;
generating, by the voltage-controlled oscillator, a modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal based on a control voltage;
dividing down a frequency of the modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal by an integer factor and providing a local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal;
delaying the local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal by a programmable delay time for providing a delayed local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal, wherein the delay time remains unmodified during transmission and is selected for the transmission to reduce a rate of change of the control voltage as a function of delay to correspondingly reduce interference of the control voltage caused by magnetic coupling from the power amplifier to the voltage-controlled oscillator during the transmission; and
driving the delayed local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal to an input of the power amplifier configured to amplify the delayed local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal for the transmission via an antenna at a power level sufficient to produce the interference of the control voltage caused by magnetic coupling from the power amplifier to the voltage-controlled oscillator.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the delaying comprises selecting an integer number of delay steps in which a total number of delay steps and a duration of each delay step is determined based on a period of the oscillating signal for each of multiple oscillation frequencies of operation.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the delaying comprises delaying to reduce a control voltage change of the voltage-controlled oscillator as a function of delay change.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the delaying comprises delaying to reduce a phase noise degradation at an output of the transmitter as a function of delay change.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the delaying comprises delaying based on a propagation delay between the voltage-controlled oscillator and the power amplifier and a frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the delaying comprises delaying based on a detected operating temperature.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the delaying comprises combining a calibration value with a channel frequency offset and a temperature offset.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the delaying comprises:
selecting a temperature offset based on a temperature value indicative of detected temperature;
calculating a frequency offset based on a propagation delay between the voltage-controlled oscillator and the power amplifier at a calibration frequency and a difference between the calibration frequency and a channel frequency; and
combining the temperature offset and the frequency offset with a calibration value.
21. A transmitter, comprising:
an L-C based oscillator having an input receiving a control value and having an output providing a modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal;
at least one frequency divider that divides down a frequency of the modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal by an integer factor to provide a local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal;
a programmable delay circuit that delays the local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal to provide a delayed local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal;
a driver circuit that drives the delayed local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal to an input of a power amplifier configured to amplify the delayed local modulated constant-envelope oscillating signal for transmission via an antenna at a power level sufficient to produce interference of the control value caused by magnetic coupling from the power amplifier to the L-C based oscillator; and
a delay controller that programs the delay circuit with a delay time that remains unmodified during the transmission, wherein the delay time is selected for the transmission to reduce a rate of change of the control value of the L-C based oscillator as a function of delay to correspondingly to reduce the interference caused by magnetic coupling from the power amplifier to the L-C based oscillator during the transmission;
wherein the transmitter, including the L-C based oscillator, the at least one frequency divider, the programmable delay circuit, the driver circuit, the power amplifier, and the delay controller, is integrated on a semiconductor chip.
22. The transmitter of claim 21 , wherein the delay controller programs the delay circuit to reduce phase noise degradation at an output of the transmitter as a function of delay change.
23. The transmitter of claim 21 , wherein the L-C based oscillator comprises a digitally controlled oscillator.
24. The transmitter of claim 23 , wherein the delay controller programs the delay circuit to reduce digital control word change of the digitally controlled oscillator as a function of delay change.
25. The transmitter of claim 23 , wherein the delay controller adjusts the delay circuit based on a propagation delay between the digitally controlled oscillator and the power amplifier and a frequency of the digitally controlled oscillator.