Coating including electrically conductive lines directly on electrically conductive layer
A coating includes a continuous, transparent, and electrically conductive layer having a transmittance of visible light of 40% or higher, and a plurality of electrically conductive lines directly on at least a portion of the continuous, transparent, and electrically conductive layer, the electrically conductive lines having a thickness of 50 nm to 50 μm. A coated substrate includes a substrate, and the coating on at least a portion of the substrate.
1. A vehicle transparency comprising:
a coating comprising:
a continuous, transparent, and electrically conductive layer having a transmittance of visible light of 40% or higher; and
a heater film comprising a plurality of electrically conductive lines directly on at least a portion of the continuous, transparent, and electrically conductive layer, the electrically conductive lines having a thickness of 50 nm to 50 μm,
wherein the plurality of electrically conductive lines are thicker than the continuous, transparent, and electrically conductive layer, and
wherein the plurality of electrically conductive lines comprise a first nickel layer, a copper layer on the first nickel layer, and a second nickel layer on the copper layer.
2. The vehicle transparency of claim 1 , wherein the continuous, transparent, and electrically conductive layer comprises a transparent metal oxide layer.
3. The vehicle transparency of claim 2 , wherein the transparent metal oxide layer comprises indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), antimony doped tin oxide (ATO), tin oxide (TO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), or a combination thereof.
4. The vehicle transparency of claim 1 , wherein the continuous, transparent, and electrically conductive layer comprises a transparent metal layer comprising gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), hafnium (Hf), or a combination thereof.
5. The vehicle transparency of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive lines form an electrically conductive mesh.
6. The vehicle transparency of claim 5 , wherein the electrically conductive mesh has a sheet resistance of 1.0 ohm per square (Ω/□) or less as measured using bus bars.
7. The vehicle transparency of claim 1 , wherein the continuous, transparent, and electrically conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide (ITO).
8. The vehicle transparency of claim 1 , wherein the coating provides electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of 20 dB to 95 dB across a frequency range of 30 MHz to 50 GHz as measured according to IEEE Std. 299-1997.
9. The vehicle transparency of claim 8 , wherein the coating provides electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of 45 dB to 95 dB across a frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 GHz.
10. The vehicle transparency of claim 8 , wherein the coating provides electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of 35 dB to 45 dB across a frequency range of 1 GHz to 18 GHz.
11. The vehicle transparency of claim 8 , wherein the coating provides electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of 20 dB to 35 dB across a frequency range of 18 MHz to 40 GHz.
12. The vehicle transparency of claim 1 , further comprising:
a substrate,
wherein the coating is on at least a portion of the substrate.
13. The vehicle transparency of claim 12 , wherein the substrate comprises glass, stretched acrylic, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or a combination thereof.
14. The vehicle transparency of claim 12 , further comprising a topcoat on at least a portion of the electrically conductive lines.
15. The vehicle transparency of claim 12 , wherein the coating is configured to de-ice the coated substrate.
16. The vehicle transparency of claim 1 , wherein the coating provides electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of 20 dB to 95 dB across a frequency range of 30 MHz to 50 GHz as measured according to IEEE Std. 299-1997.
17. A vehicle comprising the vehicle transparency of claim 1 .