Nicotinamide mononucleotide derivatives and their uses
The invention relates to compositions of nicotinamide mononucleotide derivatives and their methods of use. The invention also relates to methods of preparing nicotinamide mononucleotide derivatives. The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and nutritional supplements containing a nicotinamide mononucleotide derivative. The invention relates to methods of using nicotinamide mononucleotide derivatives that promote the increase of intracellular levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in cells and tissues for treating diseases and improving cell and tissue survival.
1. A method of making a compound, or a stereoisomer, salt, hydrate, solvate, or crystalline form thereof, wherein the compound has a structure represented by formula I:
wherein V is selected from hydrogen, phenyl and monocyclic heteroaryl, wherein (i) each said monocyclic heteroaryl contains five or six ring atoms of which 1 or 2 ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from N, S, and O, and the remainder of the ring atoms are carbon, and (ii) each said phenyl or monocyclic heteroaryl is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two groups selected from halogen, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, and cyano;
said method comprising
a) performing the following reaction under conditions to yield compound (i):
b) converting compound (i) to a compound of Formula (I).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein V is selected from the following substituents:
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from:
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) is performed in the presence of a Grignard reagent in an aprotic solvent.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the Grignard reagent is tBuMgCl, and the aprotic solvent is THF.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) includes oxidation of the dihydropyridine ring to a pyridine ring.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein oxidation of the dihydropyridine ring to a pyridine ring is performed with hydrogen peroxide.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) includes removal of the acetonide protecting group under acidic conditions.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein removal of the acetonide protecting group is performed with trifluoroacetic acid.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) is preceded by preparation of a protected starting material for step (a) comprising combining nicotinamide riboside with acetone under acidic conditions to form an acetonide-protected nicotinamide riboside, followed by reduction of the pyridine ring of the acetonide-protected nicotinamide riboside to form a dihyropyridine ring.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the acidic conditions include sulfuric acid.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the reduction includes use of sodium dithionite.