System for an ionic liquid-based electrolyte for high energy battery
A system for electrical energy production from chemical reagents in a compartmentalized cell includes: at least two electrodes, comprising at least one anode and at least one cathode; at least one separator, that separates the anodes and the cathodes; and an ionic liquid electrolyte system. The system can be a battery or one or more cells of a battery system. The ionic liquid electrolyte system comprises an ionic liquid solvent; an ether co-solvent, comprising a minority fraction, by weight, of the electrolyte; and a lithium salt. In preferred variations, the anode is a lithium metal anode and the cathode is a metal oxide cathode and the separator is a polyolefin separator.
1. A rechargeable battery cell comprising:
a negative electrode comprising lithium metal;
a positive electrode, comprising an intercalation material;
a separator that separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode; and
an ionic liquid electrolyte comprising
an ionic liquid solvent, having a concentration of 5% by weight to 75% by weight;
an ether co-solvent comprises a non-fluorinated ether, wherein the non-fluorinated ether has a concentration of 5% by weight to 40% by weight; and
a lithium salt solute.
2. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode comprises a current collector comprising copper-metal or a copperized plastic film.
3. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the lithium salt solute is at least 30%, by weight, of the ionic liquid electrolyte.
4. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the non-fluorinated ether comprises one or both of a linear ether and a cyclic ether.
5. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , further comprising a wetting agent, wherein the wetting agent comprises one or more of a fluorinated ether, a phosphate ester, and a phosphite.
6. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 ,
wherein the non-fluorinated ether comprises a linear ether, and
wherein the lithium salt solute comprises lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI).
7. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , further comprising a wetting agent,
wherein the wetting agent comprises at least one of a phosphate ester, a phosphite, and a fluorinated ether, and
wherein the lithium salt solute is lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI).
8. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid electrolyte further comprises a fluorinated ether operable as a wetting agent.
9. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid solvent comprises one or both of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI).
10. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid solvent comprises one or both of propyl-methyl-pyrrolidinium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and propyl-methyl-pyrrolidinium-bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide.
11. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode further comprises one or both sodium, magnesium, aluminum, and potassium.
12. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode further comprises sodium.
13. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid electrolyte comprises a wetting agent having a concentration of up to 50% by weight.
14. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 13 , wherein the wetting agent comprises one or more of bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)ether (BTFE), 1,2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TFPE).
15. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt solute comprises bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (TFSI) anions.
16. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 15 , wherein the lithium salt solute further comprises bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) anions.
17. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the non-fluorinated ether comprises dimethoxyethane (DME).
18. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid electrolyte further comprises one or more of trimethyl phosphate (TMP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate (TSP).
19. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the lithium salt solute is 40-50%, by weight, of the ionic liquid electrolyte.
20. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the intercalation material is a high-voltage material operable to cycle at up to 4.6 V vs. Li/Li+.
21. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the intercalation material comprises one of
LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2 where x+y+z=1,
LiCoO 2 , or
LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 .
22. A rechargeable battery cell comprising:
a negative electrode comprising lithium metal or a lithium-metal alloy;
a positive electrode, comprising an intercalation material;
a separator that separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode; and
an ionic liquid electrolyte comprising
an ionic liquid solvent, having a concentration of 5% by weight to 75% by weight;
an ether co-solvent comprises a non-fluorinated ether, wherein the non-fluorinated ether has a concentration of 5% by weight to 40% by weight; and
a lithium salt solute.
23. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 22 , wherein the non-fluorinated ether comprises dimethoxyethane (DME).
24. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 22 , wherein the ionic liquid solvent comprises one or more of bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)ether (BTFE), 1,2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TFPE).
25. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 22 , wherein the ionic liquid electrolyte further comprises a fluorinated ether.
26. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 22 , wherein the ionic liquid electrolyte further comprises one or more of trimethyl phosphate (TMP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate (TSP).
27. The rechargeable battery cell of claim 22 , wherein the negative electrode comprises the lithium-metal alloy comprising one or more of aluminum and magnesium.