Granted Patent B2

US 12,303,936 · App. 16/727,439 · Granted May 20, 2025

Inventors: Randell Clevenger (North Plainfield, NJ); Gordon D. Donald (Oceanport, NJ)

Assignee: Quatssant, LLC

B05D3/067B05D1/02B05D7/14B05D3/102B05D2202/10B05D2202/35B05D2350/60B05D2502/005

Abstract

Claims (30)

1. A method of photografting organic molecules to a metal oxide comprising:

(a) contacting a substrate having a metal oxide layer on a surface thereof with an acrylate; and

(b) exposing the metal oxide layer and the acrylate to UV radiation to form direct covalent bonds between the metal oxide and the acrylate.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, cobalt, zinc, zirconium, iron, tin, aluminum iron, tantalum, and alloys thereof.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 , ZnO, ZrO 2 , SnO 2 , and FeO.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acrylate has Formula I:

wherein:

R is H or a C1-C12 alkyl;

M is selected from the group consisting of an ammonium, a phosphonium, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted fluorinated or per-fluorinated organic moiety, an optionally substituted amino acid, a peptide, a protein, a nucleotide, and an oligonucleotide;

X is a Cl, Br, I, trifluorosulfonate (OTf), methylsulfonate (OMs), or toylysulfonate (OTs);

Y is O or NR′, wherein R′ is H, a C1-C6 alkyl, or an aryl; and

n is an integer from 1 to 16.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein R is H or methyl.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein Y is O.

7. The method of claim 4 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, ammonium, phosphonium, and imidazole.

8. The method of claim 4 , wherein X is Cl or Br.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the UV radiation has a wavelength of from about 220 to about 385 nm.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the UV radiation has a wavelength of about 254 nm.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide and the acrylate are exposed to the UV radiation for less than 20 minutes.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the metal oxide and the acrylate are exposed to the UV radiation for less than 5 minutes.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide and the acrylate are exposed to the UV radiation in an inert atmosphere.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acrylate is in the form of an aerosolized spray.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the UV radiation is a primary energy source, and the method optionally comprises residual thermal energy from a secondary heat source.

16. A method of photografting organic molecules to a metal alkoxide comprising:

(a) providing a substrate having a surface;

(b) forming an intermediate layer comprising a metal alkoxide on the surface of the substrate;

(c) contacting the substrate having a metal alkoxide layer on the surface with an acrylate; and

(d) exposing the metal alkoxide layer and the acrylate to UV radiation to form direct covalent bonds between the metal alkoxide and the acrylate.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the metal alkoxide is selected from the group consisting of alkoxides of titanium, zinc, zirconium, tin, chromium, iron, tantalum, tungsten, and aluminum.

18. The method claim 17 , wherein the metal alkoxide is selected from the group consisting of titanium t-butoxide, titanium isopropoxide, zirconium t-butoxide, and zirconium isopropoxide.

Assignments (2)

Continuity (2)

References Cited (72)