AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER TREATMENT USING RXR AGONISTS
The present specification provides RXR agonist compounds, compositions comprising such RXR agonists, and methods using such compounds and compositions to treat an autoimmune disorder, inflammation associated with an autoimmune disorder and/or a transplant rejection as well as use of such RXR agonists to manufacture a medicament and use of such compounds and compositions to treat an autoimmune disorder, inflammation associated with an autoimmune disorder and/or a transplant rejection.
1 . A method of treating rheumatoid arthritis, the method comprising elevating Treg cell numbers and suppressing Th17 cell numbers in an individual having rheumatoid arthritis by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist having the structure of formula XII:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
wherein R is H or lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons,
wherein the therapeutically effective amount is about 0.001 mg/kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day;
whereby the balance between Treg and Th17 cell development is modulated to restrain autoimmunity.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the RXR agonist is 3,7-dimethyl-6(S),7(S)-methano,7-[1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-7-yl]2(E),4(E) heptadienoic acid, and has the structure of formula XXIX:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is about 0.001 mg/kg/day to about 0.2 mg/kg/day.
4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 3.0 mg/kg/day.
5 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein R is H.
6 . The method according to claim 2 , wherein the RXR agonist is a salt of the compound of formula XXIX.
7 . A method of treating an autoimmune aspect of rheumatoid arthritis, the method comprising concurrently promoting differentiation of Treg cells and inhibiting differentiation of Th17 cells using a single agent by administering to an individual having rheumatoid arthritis a therapeutically effective amount of a retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist having the structure of formula XII:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
wherein R is H or lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons,
wherein the therapeutically effective amount is about 0.001 mg/kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day;
wherein the autoimmune aspect comprises inflammation, Th17 to Treg cell ratio, or tissue destruction;
whereby the autoimmune aspect of rheumatoid arthritis is reduced.
8 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein the RXR agonist is 3,7-dimethyl-6(S),7(S)-methano,7-[1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-7-yl]2(E),4(E) heptadienoic acid, and has the structure of formula XXIX:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
9 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is about 0.001 mg/kg/day to about 0.2 mg/kg/day.
10 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 3.0 mg/kg/day.
11 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein R is H.
12 . The method according to claim 8 , wherein the RXR agonist is a salt of the compound of formula XXIX.
13 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the RXR agonist is administered by inhalation.
14 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein the RXR agonist is administered by inhalation.
15 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein said treating comprises reducing a symptom of rheumatoid arthritis, wherein the symptom is inflammation, edema, hyperemia, erythema, bruising, tenderness, stiffness, swollenness, fever, a chill, congestion of the respiratory tract or bronchi, a breathing problem, fluid retention, a blood clot, formation of granulomas, fibrinous, pus, or non-viscous serous fluid, a formation of an ulcer, pain, stiffness, swollenness, fatigue, malaise, extreme sensitivity to cold in the hands and feet, weakness and stiffness in muscles and joints, irritability, anxiety, or depression, infertility an increase in the size of an organ or tissue, or the destruction of a tissue.
16 . The method of claim according to claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is about 0.01 mg/kg/day to about 0.1 mg/kg/day.
17 . The method of claim according to claim 7 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is about 0.01 mg/kg/day to about 0.1 mg/kg/day.
18 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein elevating Treg cell numbers comprises promoting differentiation of Treg cells.
19 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein suppressing Th17 cell numbers comprises inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation.
20 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein the ratio of Th17 cells to Treg cells is decreased.