Agonists of the apelin receptor and methods of use thereof
Provided herein are small molecule agonists of the apelin receptor for the treatment of disease. The compounds disclosed herein are useful for the treatment of a range of cardiovascular, renal and metabolic conditions. The present invention is based on the seminal discovery of a series of potent small molecule agonists of the apelin receptor, which are useful for the treatment of diseases including heart failure, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance/diabetes and obesity. The compounds disclosed herein are highly specific for the apelin receptor versus the angiotensin II receptor (ATI).
1. A method of treating an apelin-mediated disease or disorder in a subject having said disease or disorder, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of structural Formula I:
wherein:
A is selected from the group consisting of:
B is selected from the group consisting of:
C is selected from the group consisting of
Y is S; and
X 1 and X 2 are each N.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein B is
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein B is selected from the group consisting of:
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula I has one of the following structures:
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the disease or disorder is a cardiovascular disease or disorder, coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, systolic heart failure, diastolic heart failure, diabetic heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, left ventricular dysfunction, left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial remodeling, myocardial remodeling after infarction, myocardial remodeling after cardiac surgery, valvular heart disease, or any combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the disease or disorder is a metabolic disease or disorder, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, diabetic late complications, diabetic macro- and micro-vasculopathies, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathies, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, or any combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the disease or disorder is insulin resistance, diabetic macro- and micro-vasculopathies, diabetic retinopathy, or any combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the disease or disorder is caused by CNS-dependent or CNS-independent disturbed fluid homeostasis, acute or chronic renal failure, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, portal hypertension, systolic hypertension, or any combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the disease or disorder is pulmonary hypertension.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the disease or disorder is a vascular disease or disorder, vascular permeability, nonfunctional blood vessels, vascular hypertrophy, vascular remodeling, vascular stiffness, atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), restenosis, thrombosis, vascular permeability disorders, ischemia, reperfusion damage, ischemia or reperfusion damage of the heart, kidney or retina, or any combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the disease or disorder is atherosclerosis, ischemia, or reperfusion damage.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising co-administering an additional apelin receptor agonist in combination with a compound of structural Formula I.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising co-administering a chemotherapeutic agent in combination with a compound of structural Formula I for treatment of cancer.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula I is administered as a pharmaceutical composition further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
15. A method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject having said disease or disorder, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of structural Formula I:
wherein:
A is selected from the group consisting of:
B is selected from the group consisting of:
C is selected from the group consisting of
Y is S; and
X 1 and X 2 are each N;
wherein the disease or disorder comprises heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, reperfusion damage, ischemia, insulin resistance, diabetic macro- and micro-vasculopathies, diabetic retinopathy, or any combination thereof.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein B is
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein B is selected from the group consisting of:
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the compound of Formula I has one of the following structures:
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the disease or disorder comprises pulmonary hypertension.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the disease or disorder comprises heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, or any combination thereof.